{"title":"Protective effects of ghrelin on pancreas in fructose diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","authors":"Dilara Kamer Colak, Zeynep Mine Coskun Yazici, Sema Bolkent","doi":"10.1007/s10735-024-10329-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ghrelin, which is widely expressed in central and peripheral tissues, has several metabolic effects. It has been suggested that these effects may include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of ghrelin administered to diabetic rats on DNA repair and apoptosis mechanisms, and differences in oxidative stress (OS) and pancreatic hormone levels in the pancreas. Twenty-one rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and T2DM treated with ghrelin (T2DM + ghrelin). We examined PCNA and PARP-1 to evaluate the effect of ghrelin on DNA repair, caspase-3 and caspase-9 to evaluate its effect on apoptosis, and insulin and glucagon to evaluate its role in regulating glucose homeostasis by immunohistochemistry in diabetic rats. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, and protein carbonyl levels, as well as catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, were measured spectrophotometrically to detect the ghrelin effect on OS. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and pancreatic insulin levels were assessed by ELISA method. Ghrelin may be a potential regulator of apoptosis as it significantly reduced the number of caspase-3 and caspase-9 immunopositive cells (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). In addition, ghrelin treatment reduced OS by decreasing glutathione (<i>p</i> < 0.001), malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl, as well as the activity of SOD (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in diabetic rats. The results suggest that ghrelin is a potential apoptotic regulator and may be considered as a therapeutic agent due to its significant ability to suppress OS in T2DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Molecular Histology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10735-024-10329-8","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ghrelin, which is widely expressed in central and peripheral tissues, has several metabolic effects. It has been suggested that these effects may include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of ghrelin administered to diabetic rats on DNA repair and apoptosis mechanisms, and differences in oxidative stress (OS) and pancreatic hormone levels in the pancreas. Twenty-one rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and T2DM treated with ghrelin (T2DM + ghrelin). We examined PCNA and PARP-1 to evaluate the effect of ghrelin on DNA repair, caspase-3 and caspase-9 to evaluate its effect on apoptosis, and insulin and glucagon to evaluate its role in regulating glucose homeostasis by immunohistochemistry in diabetic rats. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, and protein carbonyl levels, as well as catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, were measured spectrophotometrically to detect the ghrelin effect on OS. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and pancreatic insulin levels were assessed by ELISA method. Ghrelin may be a potential regulator of apoptosis as it significantly reduced the number of caspase-3 and caspase-9 immunopositive cells (p < 0.0001). In addition, ghrelin treatment reduced OS by decreasing glutathione (p < 0.001), malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl, as well as the activity of SOD (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats. The results suggest that ghrelin is a potential apoptotic regulator and may be considered as a therapeutic agent due to its significant ability to suppress OS in T2DM.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Molecular Histology publishes results of original research on the localization and expression of molecules in animal cells, tissues and organs. Coverage includes studies describing novel cellular or ultrastructural distributions of molecules which provide insight into biochemical or physiological function, development, histologic structure and disease processes.
Major research themes of particular interest include:
- Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions;
- Connective Tissues;
- Development and Disease;
- Neuroscience.
Please note that the Journal of Molecular Histology does not consider manuscripts dealing with the application of immunological or other probes on non-standard laboratory animal models unless the results are clearly of significant and general biological importance.
The Journal of Molecular Histology publishes full-length original research papers, review articles, short communications and letters to the editors. All manuscripts are typically reviewed by two independent referees. The Journal of Molecular Histology is a continuation of The Histochemical Journal.
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