Gene characterization of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Chenopodium album L. accessions: unmasking genetic diversity.

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 3 Biotech Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-15 DOI:10.1007/s13205-024-04173-6

Babita Kumari, Nikhil Kumar Chrungoo

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Abstract

The genus Chenopodium L. includes the domesticated seed crop Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and the semi-domesticated seed/fodder Chenopodiumalbum L., both valued for their high protein content and high-quality grains. This study investigates the morphological and molecular characteristics of starch granules in 50 accessions including C. quinoa Willd. and C. album L., to elucidate variations in amylose content and genetic markers. Starch granules were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, revealing primarily angular to polygonal shapes with an average size of ~ 1.5 µm. Dynamic light scattering showed size variation: C. album L. granules ranged from 115.1 ± 8.09 to 192.5 ± 5.11 nm, while C. quinoa Willd. granules from 204.5 ± 21.45 to 263.9 ± 12.48 nm. Apparent amylose content (AAC) was categorized via iodine staining into high (> 25%), intermediate (19-25%), low (11-19%), and very low (5-12%) classes. The results demonstrated a wide AAC range, with C. album L. displaying a broader spectrum compared to C. quinoa Willd. The molecular characterization of the Waxy locus, crucial for amylose synthesis, was performed using PCR and sequencing. The Waxy locus, consisting of 13 exons and 12 introns, showed significant sequence similarity with Chenopodium species. The key single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AAC levels were identified, including variations in exons 1, 4, 6, 9, and 13. A 100 bp deletion in intron 9 was specific to C. album L., facilitating the development of an allele-specific PCR marker to distinguish between C. quinoa Willd. and C. album L. The phylogenetic analysis of Waxy sequences divided accessions into two primary clusters, reflecting their A-genome and B-genome origins. The study enhances understanding of genetic diversity and offers insights for breeding applications in Chenopodium species.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04173-6.

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藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa Willd.）和藜属（Chenopodium album L.）品种的基因特征：揭示遗传多样性。

藜麦属包括驯化种子作物藜麦野生藜麦。半驯化种子/饲料品种藜麦（Chenopodiumalbum L.），均因其高蛋白质含量和优质籽粒而受到重视。研究了包括藜麦在内的50个种质的淀粉粒的形态和分子特征。和C. album L.，阐明直链淀粉含量和遗传标记的变化。用扫描电镜对淀粉颗粒进行了分析，发现淀粉颗粒主要呈角到多边形，平均尺寸约为1.5µm。动态光散射结果表明，藜麦颗粒大小在115.1±8.09 ~ 192.5±5.11 nm之间；颗粒范围为204.5±21.45 ~ 263.9±12.48 nm。通过碘染色将表观直链淀粉含量（AAC）分为高（bb0 25%）、中（19-25%）、低（11-19%）和极低（5-12%）级。结果表明，藜麦的AAC范围较广，其中藜麦的AAC范围较广。对直链淀粉合成至关重要的Waxy位点的分子特征，通过PCR和测序进行了分析。Waxy位点由13个外显子和12个内含子组成，与Chenopodium种具有显著的序列相似性。确定了与AAC水平相关的关键单核苷酸多态性（snp），包括外显子1、4、6、9和13的变异。在9号内含子中有一个100 bp的缺失，是C. album L.特有的，这有助于建立一个等位基因特异性PCR标记来区分C. quinoa Willd。Waxy序列的系统发育分析将其划分为两个主要簇，反映了它们的a基因组和b基因组起源。该研究提高了对藜属植物遗传多样性的认识，为藜属植物的育种应用提供了新的思路。补充信息：在线版本提供补充资料，网址为10.1007/s13205-024-04173-6。

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来源期刊

3 Biotech Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

314

期刊介绍： 3 Biotech publishes the results of the latest research related to the study and application of biotechnology to: - Medicine and Biomedical Sciences - Agriculture - The Environment The focus on these three technology sectors recognizes that complete Biotechnology applications often require a combination of techniques. 3 Biotech not only presents the latest developments in biotechnology but also addresses the problems and benefits of integrating a variety of techniques for a particular application. 3 Biotech will appeal to scientists and engineers in both academia and industry focused on the safe and efficient application of Biotechnology to Medicine, Agriculture and the Environment.