Production of liposome loaded with nicotinamide mononucleotide using Taylor-Couette reactor

Abstract

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is recognized for its potential in resisting age-related diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, challenges persevere in ensuring NMN’s stability, bioavailability, and efficient delivery to target tissues. This study targeted to overcome these challenges by preparing NMN-loaded liposomes using a Taylor-Couette reactor, a novel approach offering precise control over flow conditions and enhancing reproducibility and scalability. The average size of liposomes decreased from 184.9 nm to 125.2 nm as the rotation speed increased from 600 to 1500 rpm. Based on average zeta potential values, stable liposomes were prepared at 750–1500 rpm. These liposomes were preserved more than 80 % for 180 days. Ex vivo tests using Franz cell diffusion confirmed the efficiency of NMN-loaded liposomes in permeating the skin. The cumulative release percentage of liposomes over porcine skin was 96.8 % in 12 h. Overall, this study proposes valuable intuitions into the preparation and depiction of NMN-loaded liposomes using novel approaches, offering auspicious prospects for biomedical applications.