Pub Date : 2026-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.175615
Rongchuan Yue, Yanxu Liu, Yangchun Li, Yao Zhang, Jing Luo, Yijuan Huang, Kun Wang, Junqi Gou, Yonghong Zhang, Chenshi Rao
In this study, an injectable conductive hydrogel (MeGG/PN@PP@G-8) based on a gellan gum/chitosan dual network (MeGG/PN) was designed and constructed. PEDOT: PSS imparts electrical coupling to the material, while the G-8 small molecule provides anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity. This system reduced ROS levels by 93.7% under H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress and increased the proportion of RAW264.7 macrophages toward the M2 phenotype by threefold, thereby shaping an immune microenvironment conducive to repair. In a rat myocardial infarction model, MeGG/PN@PP@G-8 patch treatment reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expressions by 96.1%, 95.3%, and 94.9%, respectively, nearly returning to sham group levels. Furthermore, treatment with the hydrogel reduced fibrosis area and enhanced angiogenesis and sarcomere remodeling. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that the material simultaneously inhibits pro-pathogenic pathways such as NF-κB/TNF and TGF-β/SMAD, while activating PI3K-Akt, ECM receptors, and angiogenic genes, achieving multi-pathway synergistic effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, pro-regenerative, and electrophysiological repair. The “wet adhesion-electrical coupling-drug synergy” strategy proposed in this study provides an innovative material platform and mechanistic basis for tissue regeneration and functional recovery after myocardial infarction.
{"title":"Electrically rewired healing of the infarcted heart via a smart bioadhesive patch targeting fibrosis and calcium imbalance","authors":"Rongchuan Yue, Yanxu Liu, Yangchun Li, Yao Zhang, Jing Luo, Yijuan Huang, Kun Wang, Junqi Gou, Yonghong Zhang, Chenshi Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.175615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.175615","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an injectable conductive hydrogel (MeGG/PN@PP@G-8) based on a gellan gum/chitosan dual network (MeGG/PN) was designed and constructed. PEDOT: PSS imparts electrical coupling to the material, while the G-8 small molecule provides anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity. This system reduced ROS levels by 93.7% under H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress and increased the proportion of RAW264.7 macrophages toward the M2 phenotype by threefold, thereby shaping an immune microenvironment conducive to repair. In a rat myocardial infarction model, MeGG/PN@PP@G-8 patch treatment reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expressions by 96.1%, 95.3%, and 94.9%, respectively, nearly returning to sham group levels. Furthermore, treatment with the hydrogel reduced fibrosis area and enhanced angiogenesis and sarcomere remodeling. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that the material simultaneously inhibits pro-pathogenic pathways such as NF-κB/TNF and TGF-β/SMAD, while activating PI3K-Akt, ECM receptors, and angiogenic genes, achieving multi-pathway synergistic effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, pro-regenerative, and electrophysiological repair. The “wet adhesion-electrical coupling-drug synergy” strategy proposed in this study provides an innovative material platform and mechanistic basis for tissue regeneration and functional recovery after myocardial infarction.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"310 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
5 V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4|Li (LNMO|Li) battery has attracted widespread attention due to its high energy density, high power and environment friendliness, but the challenges of lithium dendrites, electrolyte decomposition, and metal leaching limit their commercial applications. Here, we have successfully achieved the construction of 5 V LNMO|Li battery with metal organic nanosheet (MON) [Zr6(μ3-O)8O(BTB)2] (2D Zr-O-BTB, H3BTB = 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene) as multifunctional separator, which exhibits the highest energy density of 644 Wh kg−1 and significantly extended cycling life (> 146/325 cycles) with the energy density of 500/350 Wh kg−1. What's more, the comprehensive theoretical calculations and detailed mechanism characterization demonstrate: 1) the suitable lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital prevents the electrolyte decomposition; 2) the open metal sites suppress the lithium dendrites formation; 3) the oxygen targeted sites address the issue of metal leaching. The one stone and three birds strategy provides insights into the application of MON in energy conversion and the exploration of multifunctional separators for HV-LMBs, especially LNMO|Li battery.
{"title":"High-voltage-tolerant zirconium-organic nanosheet separator enabling 5 V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4|Li batteries with enhanced capacity density","authors":"Jian-Qiang Shen, Ya-Nan Gao, Ying-Li Song, Lingjuan Zhang, Gen Chen, Guoqiang Tan, Yunfeng Lu, Xian-Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.175606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.175606","url":null,"abstract":"5 V LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>|Li (LNMO|Li) battery has attracted widespread attention due to its high energy density, high power and environment friendliness, but the challenges of lithium dendrites, electrolyte decomposition, and metal leaching limit their commercial applications. Here, we have successfully achieved the construction of 5 V LNMO|Li battery with metal organic nanosheet (MON) [Zr<sub>6</sub>(μ<sub>3</sub>-O)<sub>8</sub>O(BTB)<sub>2</sub>] (2D <strong>Zr-O-BTB</strong>, H<sub>3</sub>BTB = 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene) as multifunctional separator, which exhibits the highest energy density of 644 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and significantly extended cycling life (> 146/325 cycles) with the energy density of 500/350 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>. What's more, the comprehensive theoretical calculations and detailed mechanism characterization demonstrate: 1) the suitable lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital prevents the electrolyte decomposition; 2) the open metal sites suppress the lithium dendrites formation; 3) the oxygen targeted sites address the issue of metal leaching. The one stone and three birds strategy provides insights into the application of MON in energy conversion and the exploration of multifunctional separators for HV-LMBs, especially LNMO|Li battery.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread adoption of zinc‑manganese batteries is hindered by the interconnected problems of zinc dendrites, manganese dissolution, and thermal instability. Herein, we report a comprehensive approach using a multifunctional hydrogel electrolyte. This electrolyte is engineered by integrating sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa) and sodium citrate (SC) into a polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix, forming a mechanically robust dual-network. The incorporated polar SC critically reorganizes the hydrogen-bond (HB) network, suppressing free water activity and endowing exceptional thermal stability. At the Zn anode, the zincophilic functional groups from CMC-Na and SC collaboratively regulate the solvation sheath and interfacial HB network, guiding homogeneous Zn2+ flux and dendrite-free deposition. At the MnO2 cathode, the hydrogel acts as a pH buffer to mitigate proton-induced dissolution while simultaneously chelating manganese ions to suppress detrimental crossover. Consequently, the engineered electrolyte enables an ultralong cycling life of 11,430 h in a Zn//Zn symmetric cell at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2. The Zn//MnO2 full cell delivers a high specific capacity of 212.35 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and retain 81.47% capacity after 1500 cycles at 2 A g−1, with stable operation from −20 to 50 °C. Furthermore, the universality of this design is successfully demonstrated in Zn//PEDOT-V2O5 cells, establishing its generalizability across diverse cathode materials and paving the way for advanced aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
锌锰电池的广泛采用受到锌枝晶、锰溶解和热不稳定性等相互关联的问题的阻碍。在此，我们报告了一种使用多功能水凝胶电解质的综合方法。这种电解质是通过将羧甲基纤维素钠（CMCNa）和柠檬酸钠（SC）整合到聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）基质中，形成机械坚固的双网络而设计的。加入的极性SC对氢键（HB）网络进行了严格的重组，抑制了自由水的活性，并赋予了特殊的热稳定性。在Zn阳极，来自CMC-Na和SC的亲锌官能团协同调节溶剂化鞘和界面HB网络，引导均匀的Zn2+通量和无枝晶沉积。在二氧化锰阴极，水凝胶充当pH缓冲剂，以减轻质子诱导的溶解，同时螯合锰离子以抑制有害的交叉。因此，该工程电解质在1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2的Zn//Zn对称电池中实现了11,430 h的超长循环寿命。在0.2 a g - 1条件下，Zn/ MnO2电池的比容量高达212.35 mAh g - 1，在2 a g - 1条件下，在1500次 循环后，电池容量保持在81.47%，工作温度为- 20至50 °C。此外，该设计的通用性在Zn//PEDOT-V2O5电池中得到了成功证明，确立了其在不同正极材料中的通用性，为先进的水性锌离子电池铺平了道路。
{"title":"Toward durable wide-temperature Zn-MnO2 batteries: A polarized dual-crosslinked hydrogel electrolyte for concurrent anode and cathode stabilization","authors":"Jinhui Chen, Yingqing Tao, Tianyu Zhang, Jiahui Qin, Wenzhuo Gao, Wen Lu, Yijun Zhong, Yong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.175539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.175539","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread adoption of zinc‑manganese batteries is hindered by the interconnected problems of zinc dendrites, manganese dissolution, and thermal instability. Herein, we report a comprehensive approach using a multifunctional hydrogel electrolyte. This electrolyte is engineered by integrating sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>Na) and sodium citrate (SC) into a polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix, forming a mechanically robust dual-network. The incorporated polar SC critically reorganizes the hydrogen-bond (HB) network, suppressing free water activity and endowing exceptional thermal stability. At the Zn anode, the zincophilic functional groups from CMC-Na and SC collaboratively regulate the solvation sheath and interfacial HB network, guiding homogeneous Zn<sup>2+</sup> flux and dendrite-free deposition. At the MnO<sub>2</sub> cathode, the hydrogel acts as a pH buffer to mitigate proton-induced dissolution while simultaneously chelating manganese ions to suppress detrimental crossover. Consequently, the engineered electrolyte enables an ultralong cycling life of 11,430 h in a Zn//Zn symmetric cell at 1 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>/1 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>. The Zn//MnO<sub>2</sub> full cell delivers a high specific capacity of 212.35 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.2 A g<sup>−1</sup> and retain 81.47% capacity after 1500 cycles at 2 A g<sup>−1</sup>, with stable operation from −20 to 50 °C. Furthermore, the universality of this design is successfully demonstrated in Zn//PEDOT-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> cells, establishing its generalizability across diverse cathode materials and paving the way for advanced aqueous Zn-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.175602
Xing Xiang, Xin Ji, Zecheng Fang, Congkun Du, Zhenzhen Zhao, Dongyang Liu, Huihu Wang, Yanhua Zhang, Fei Chen, Jian-Fang Wu
Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZTO) is identified as a competitive solid electrolyte for safe and high-energy solid-state battery. Nevertheless, excessive grain-boundary electronic conduction and surface Li2CO3 promote lithium dendrite formation. Herein, fast Li3BO3-Li2SO4-Li2CO3 glass-ceramic (LCBSO) ionic conductors with ultralow electronic conductivity were fabricated for the first time via an in-situ reaction with Li2CO3 on LLZTO surface during sintering, constructing LCBSO-LLZTO composite electrolytes in which LCBSO continuously resides along LLZTO grain boundaries. The resulting LCBSO-LLZTO solid electrolyte delivers an enhanced ionic conductivity (7.12 × 10−4 S cm−1), a two-order-of-magnitude reduction in electronic conductivity (7.98 × 10−10 S cm−1) at room temperature. Consequently, the Li/LCBSO-LLZTO/Li battery achieves a high critical current density of 1.5 mA cm−2, approximately 2.5 times that of Li/LLZTO/Li, and maintains long-term stability for over 2000 h under 0.3 mA cm−2 (room temperature) and 3000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 (60 °C). Moreover, the LiFePO4/LCBSO-LLZTO/Li battery retains 96.6% of its initial capacity (136.2 mAh g−1) after 600 cycles at 1C. This work introduces a novel strategy to design dendrite-free garnet solid electrolytes, paving the way for ultralong-lifespan solid-state batteries.
掺ta的Li7La3Zr2O12 （LLZTO）是一种具有竞争力的安全高能固态电池电解质。然而，过量的晶界电子传导和表面Li2CO3促进了锂枝晶的形成。在烧结过程中，通过与Li2CO3在LLZTO表面的原位反应，首次制备了具有超低电导率的Li3BO3-Li2SO4-Li2CO3玻璃陶瓷（LCBSO）离子导体，构建了LCBSO-LLZTO复合电解质，LCBSO连续沿LLZTO晶界存在。所得的LCBSO-LLZTO固体电解质在室温下提供了增强的离子电导率（7.12 × 10−4 S cm−1），电子电导率降低了两个数量级（7.98 × 10−10 S cm−1）。因此,李/ LCBSO-LLZTO /李电池达到高临界电流密度的1.5马 厘米−2,李的大约2.5倍/ LLZTO /李,并维护长期稳定下了2000 h 0.3马 厘米−2(室温)和3000 h 0.5马 厘米−2(60 °C)。此外，LiFePO4/LCBSO-LLZTO/Li电池在1C下进行600次 循环后仍能保持其初始容量的96.6% （136.2 mAh g−1）。这项工作介绍了一种设计无枝晶石榴石固体电解质的新策略，为超长寿命固态电池铺平了道路。
{"title":"Grain boundary engineered garnet electrolytes enabling fast ion transport and electronic suppression toward ultra-stable solid-state batteries","authors":"Xing Xiang, Xin Ji, Zecheng Fang, Congkun Du, Zhenzhen Zhao, Dongyang Liu, Huihu Wang, Yanhua Zhang, Fei Chen, Jian-Fang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.175602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.175602","url":null,"abstract":"Ta-doped Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LLZTO) is identified as a competitive solid electrolyte for safe and high-energy solid-state battery. Nevertheless, excessive grain-boundary electronic conduction and surface Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> promote lithium dendrite formation. Herein, fast Li<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>-Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> glass-ceramic (LCBSO) ionic conductors with ultralow electronic conductivity were fabricated for the first time via an in-situ reaction with Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> on LLZTO surface during sintering, constructing LCBSO-LLZTO composite electrolytes in which LCBSO continuously resides along LLZTO grain boundaries. The resulting LCBSO-LLZTO solid electrolyte delivers an enhanced ionic conductivity (7.12 × 10<sup>−4</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup>), a two-order-of-magnitude reduction in electronic conductivity (7.98 × 10<sup>−10</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup>) at room temperature. Consequently, the Li/LCBSO-LLZTO/Li battery achieves a high critical current density of 1.5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, approximately 2.5 times that of Li/LLZTO/Li, and maintains long-term stability for over 2000 h under 0.3 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> (room temperature) and 3000 h at 0.5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> (60 °C). Moreover, the LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/LCBSO-LLZTO/Li battery retains 96.6% of its initial capacity (136.2 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>) after 600 cycles at 1C. This work introduces a novel strategy to design dendrite-free garnet solid electrolytes, paving the way for ultralong-lifespan solid-state batteries.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.175614
Lan Yang, Sujing Sun, Xindai Chang, Xingzhao Liu, Yipu Li, Chenyan Li, Wanyue Yin, Linsheng Zhan, Qianqian Zhou, Xiaohui Wang
Graphene oxide (GO), a two-dimensional nanomaterial with distinct mechano-active properties, offers promising applications in bone regenerative medicine. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which GO regulates the migration and adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through activation of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo 1, and further develops a GO-based nano-delivery system functionalized with the bone morphogenetic protein-7 derived osteogenic polypeptide (BMPOP) for promoted bone repair. Our findings demonstrate that small-sized GO (50–200 nm) exhibits superior interfacial interactions with MSCs, specifically activating Piezo1 to induce extracellular Ca2+ influx. This cascade upregulates the phosphorylation of the ROCK/RhoA/MLC signaling pathway, driving actin cytoskeleton reorganization and enhancing migration of MSCs. Furthermore, the GO-BMPOP complex activates both the Smad-dependent and Smad-independent signaling pathways, markedly increasing alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized nodule formation, and expression of osteogenic marker genes. In a murine fracture model, GO-BMPOP treatment not only prolonged the retention of MSCs at the injury site but also recruited endogenous MSCs and promoted their osteogenic differentiation, leading to significantly accelerated bone defect healing. This study reveals a novel mechano-biological coupling mechanism through which GO modulates MSCs behavior, providing a theoretical foundation and technological platform for nanotechnology-enhanced bone regeneration strategies.
{"title":"Size-dependent graphene oxide sheets as a mechano-active carrier for BMP enhances fracture healing via augmenting MSC recruitment","authors":"Lan Yang, Sujing Sun, Xindai Chang, Xingzhao Liu, Yipu Li, Chenyan Li, Wanyue Yin, Linsheng Zhan, Qianqian Zhou, Xiaohui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.175614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.175614","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene oxide (GO), a two-dimensional nanomaterial with distinct mechano-active properties, offers promising applications in bone regenerative medicine. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which GO regulates the migration and adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through activation of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo 1, and further develops a GO-based nano-delivery system functionalized with the bone morphogenetic protein-7 derived osteogenic polypeptide (BMP<sub>OP</sub>) for promoted bone repair. Our findings demonstrate that small-sized GO (50–200 nm) exhibits superior interfacial interactions with MSCs, specifically activating Piezo1 to induce extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx. This cascade upregulates the phosphorylation of the ROCK/RhoA/MLC signaling pathway, driving actin cytoskeleton reorganization and enhancing migration of MSCs. Furthermore, the GO-BMP<sub>OP</sub> complex activates both the Smad-dependent and Smad-independent signaling pathways, markedly increasing alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized nodule formation, and expression of osteogenic marker genes. In a murine fracture model, GO-BMP<sub>OP</sub> treatment not only prolonged the retention of MSCs at the injury site but also recruited endogenous MSCs and promoted their osteogenic differentiation, leading to significantly accelerated bone defect healing. This study reveals a novel mechano-biological coupling mechanism through which GO modulates MSCs behavior, providing a theoretical foundation and technological platform for nanotechnology-enhanced bone regeneration strategies.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.175613
Chu Qin, Qingyin Sun, Chuheng Fu, Keyi Shan, Yuxin Sun, Min Wang
Electronic skins play a crucial role in health monitoring, human motion detection, and soft robotics. Nevertheless, achieving an integrated dual-mode electronic skin using compatible and simplified processes while reducing crosstalk between different sensing signals remains a significant challenge. This study developed dual-mode electronic skin using selective electrospinning deposition of functional layers for pressure and temperature sensing. The electronic skin consists of two parts: a top layer based on electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) nanofibers sandwiched between interlocked mortise-tenon structured electrodes for pressure sensing; and a bottom layer based on PVDF-TrFE and silver nanowires (AgNWs) for temperature sensing. The mortise-tenon structured electrode design and selective-deposition electrospun nanofiber significantly enhances the piezoelectric response. Each layer is process-compatible and specific structures are set up according to the different signals collected, thus achieving excellent sensing performance. The electronic skin utilizes two different sensing mechanisms with dual-parameter decoupling method, which successfully eliminate cross-sensitivity interference between temperature and pressure. The system inherently corrects for the temperature coefficient of the pressure signal, yielding higher accuracy than single-parameter sensors. Furthermore, an intelligent decoupling optimization algorithm via machine-learning is introduced to enable high-precision decoupling pressure and temperature stimuli to identify different materials like human perception of touch.
{"title":"Crosstalk-free dual-mode electronic skin enabled by selective electrospinning and machine learning-based decoupling","authors":"Chu Qin, Qingyin Sun, Chuheng Fu, Keyi Shan, Yuxin Sun, Min Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.175613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.175613","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic skins play a crucial role in health monitoring, human motion detection, and soft robotics. Nevertheless, achieving an integrated dual-mode electronic skin using compatible and simplified processes while reducing crosstalk between different sensing signals remains a significant challenge. This study developed dual-mode electronic skin using selective electrospinning deposition of functional layers for pressure and temperature sensing. The electronic skin consists of two parts: a top layer based on electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) nanofibers sandwiched between interlocked mortise-tenon structured electrodes for pressure sensing; and a bottom layer based on PVDF-TrFE and silver nanowires (AgNWs) for temperature sensing. The mortise-tenon structured electrode design and selective-deposition electrospun nanofiber significantly enhances the piezoelectric response. Each layer is process-compatible and specific structures are set up according to the different signals collected, thus achieving excellent sensing performance. The electronic skin utilizes two different sensing mechanisms with dual-parameter decoupling method, which successfully eliminate cross-sensitivity interference between temperature and pressure. The system inherently corrects for the temperature coefficient of the pressure signal, yielding higher accuracy than single-parameter sensors. Furthermore, an intelligent decoupling optimization algorithm via machine-learning is introduced to enable high-precision decoupling pressure and temperature stimuli to identify different materials like human perception of touch.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"405 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional packaging is insufficient for simultaneous food preservation and spoilage indication in food supply chains. Herein, a nanocellulose-based gel film integrating highly sensitive monitoring and preservation (CMEH) was fabricated by using anthocyanins and ZIF-8-NH₂ immobilized trans-2-hexenal (E2H) under the regulation of hot-cold dual drying. During this process, the release rates of trans-2-hexenal immobilized by modified ZIF-8 was about 80% after 168 h, while that of free trans-2-hexenal reached nearly 90% after 24 h, effectively regulating its release. Furthermore, the chromogenic agent in the CMEH was endowed with stable and highly sensitive capture ability for volatile acidic and alkaline due to the regulation of the microstructure by the thermal-cold phase transition of the solvent, especially alkaline volatiles with a detection limit of 1 mM. Additionally, the gel film presented excellent antibacterial and antioxidant activities due to the combined effect of ZIF-8-NH₂ and E2H. More importantly, the CMEH gel film as food packaging was universal, providing highly efficient preservation effects and sensitive monitoring capabilities for both blueberries and pork. Therefore, the prepared CMEH gel films are conducive to expanding the application and development of nanocellulose and active substances in modern food packaging, especially in the construction of highly sensitive monitoring packaging.
{"title":"Nanocellulose-based gel film active packaging with integrated highly sensitive monitoring and preservation","authors":"Fan Tang, Yujie Hou, Hanqi Ren, Leiqing Pan, Weijie Lan, Yonghua Zheng, Zhengguo Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.175594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.175594","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional packaging is insufficient for simultaneous food preservation and spoilage indication in food supply chains. Herein, a nanocellulose-based gel film integrating highly sensitive monitoring and preservation (CMEH) was fabricated by using anthocyanins and ZIF-8-NH₂ immobilized trans-2-hexenal (E2H) under the regulation of hot-cold dual drying. During this process, the release rates of trans-2-hexenal immobilized by modified ZIF-8 was about 80% after 168 h, while that of free trans-2-hexenal reached nearly 90% after 24 h, effectively regulating its release. Furthermore, the chromogenic agent in the CMEH was endowed with stable and highly sensitive capture ability for volatile acidic and alkaline due to the regulation of the microstructure by the thermal-cold phase transition of the solvent, especially alkaline volatiles with a detection limit of 1 mM. Additionally, the gel film presented excellent antibacterial and antioxidant activities due to the combined effect of ZIF-8-NH₂ and E2H. More importantly, the CMEH gel film as food packaging was universal, providing highly efficient preservation effects and sensitive monitoring capabilities for both blueberries and pork. Therefore, the prepared CMEH gel films are conducive to expanding the application and development of nanocellulose and active substances in modern food packaging, especially in the construction of highly sensitive monitoring packaging.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soft iontronic materials are highly desirable for flexible electronics that operate under deformation and temperature fluctuations, yet practical platforms that combine solid state ionic transport, mechanical robustness, and reprocessability while integrating multiple responsive functions remain limited. Here, a series of X-PEG networks is constructed by integrating acylurea based dynamic covalent linkages, semicrystalline poly(ethylene glycol) segments, and a homogeneously dispersed imidazolium ionic liquid phase. This architecture couples dynamic exchange, associative reinforcement, and reversible crystallinity within one matrix, enabling microstructure governed regulation of mechanics and ion transport. A broad mechanical window is achieved across compositions, with high stretchability and useful strength retained at representative formulations, while ionic conduction is maintained in the 10−3 to 10−2 mS·cm−1 range. Robust electromechanical coupling is demonstrated by smooth and repeatable resistance outputs under bending and subtle physiological motions, together with stable cycling performance. Rapid thermal following and heat triggered shape regulation are enabled through PEG crystallization and melting coordinated with relaxation of hydrogen bonded hard domains. Notably, heating produces a resistance decrease that supports temperature triggered circuit warning, consistent with thermally driven microphase reconstruction, primarily through the melting of crystalline domains, which improves the effective connectivity of ion-conducting pathways. The networks are melt-reprocessable, and ionic conductivity as well as strain and temperature responsive sensing outputs are largely preserved after repeated hot pressing cycles. This work establishes a recyclable ionic network platform in which dynamic bonding and semicrystalline switching jointly program microstructure and function, offering a practical materials strategy for sustainable soft iontronic devices.
{"title":"Ionic liquid tailored poly(ethylene glycol) acylurea networks enabling thermo switchable crystallinity for recyclable iontronic sensing and thermally programmed actuation","authors":"Yu Zhang, Yuting Jiang, Yunsheng Xu, Pengwu Xu, Wenjun Peng, Weijun Yang, Shuangfei Xiang, Xianming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.175561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.175561","url":null,"abstract":"Soft iontronic materials are highly desirable for flexible electronics that operate under deformation and temperature fluctuations, yet practical platforms that combine solid state ionic transport, mechanical robustness, and reprocessability while integrating multiple responsive functions remain limited. Here, a series of X-PEG networks is constructed by integrating acylurea based dynamic covalent linkages, semicrystalline poly(ethylene glycol) segments, and a homogeneously dispersed imidazolium ionic liquid phase. This architecture couples dynamic exchange, associative reinforcement, and reversible crystallinity within one matrix, enabling microstructure governed regulation of mechanics and ion transport. A broad mechanical window is achieved across compositions, with high stretchability and useful strength retained at representative formulations, while ionic conduction is maintained in the 10<sup>−3</sup> to 10<sup>−2</sup> mS·cm<sup>−1</sup> range. Robust electromechanical coupling is demonstrated by smooth and repeatable resistance outputs under bending and subtle physiological motions, together with stable cycling performance. Rapid thermal following and heat triggered shape regulation are enabled through PEG crystallization and melting coordinated with relaxation of hydrogen bonded hard domains. Notably, heating produces a resistance decrease that supports temperature triggered circuit warning, consistent with thermally driven microphase reconstruction, primarily through the melting of crystalline domains, which improves the effective connectivity of ion-conducting pathways. The networks are melt-reprocessable, and ionic conductivity as well as strain and temperature responsive sensing outputs are largely preserved after repeated hot pressing cycles. This work establishes a recyclable ionic network platform in which dynamic bonding and semicrystalline switching jointly program microstructure and function, offering a practical materials strategy for sustainable soft iontronic devices.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.175596
Duo Zhang, Ying-Nan Dou, Rui Gao, Xian-Fa Zhang, Hui Zhao, Xiao-Li Cheng, Shan Gao, Ying-Ming Xu, Li-Hua Huo
Rapid, highly sensitive detection of mustard gas is a critical requirement in public safety and national defense. However, achieving highly sensitive, ppb-level detection of mustard gas under low-power conditions remains a significant challenge. Focusing on the typical blister agent simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES), a solvothermal method was employed combined with controlled thermal treatment to fabricate an ultrathin porous NiFe2O4/NiO nanosheets heterostructure sensor derived from an Fe-Ni-MOF in-situ grown on a ceramic tube in this study. This material possesses uniformly distributed intimate heterogeneous interface, a high specific surface area (95.8 m2·g−1), and abundant surface active sites, thereby significantly enhancing its adsorption and catalytic oxidation capability toward 2-CEES. At a low operating temperature of 130 °C, the sensor demonstrates a high response of 41.5 toward 10 ppm 2-CEES, a rapid recovery capability of only 84 s, and a low detection limit of 20 ppb, along with excellent selectivity, humidity resistance, reproducibility, and long-term stability. Through systematic characterization including XPS, in-situ DRIFTS, TPD, and DFT calculations, the multi-step catalytic oxidation pathway of 2-CEES on the composite surface is elucidated, along with the mechanism by which the heterostructure enhances gas-sensing performance via band structure modulation, interfacial charge transfer, and the built-in electric field. This study offers both new materials and novel insights for the development of low-power, highly sensitive sensors for trace detection of chemical warfare agents.
{"title":"Fe-Ni-MOF-derived NiFe2O4/NiO heterostructure for detection of 2-CEES at ppb level","authors":"Duo Zhang, Ying-Nan Dou, Rui Gao, Xian-Fa Zhang, Hui Zhao, Xiao-Li Cheng, Shan Gao, Ying-Ming Xu, Li-Hua Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.175596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.175596","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid, highly sensitive detection of mustard gas is a critical requirement in public safety and national defense. However, achieving highly sensitive, ppb-level detection of mustard gas under low-power conditions remains a significant challenge. Focusing on the typical blister agent simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES), a solvothermal method was employed combined with controlled thermal treatment to fabricate an ultrathin porous NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NiO nanosheets heterostructure sensor derived from an Fe-Ni-MOF in-situ grown on a ceramic tube in this study. This material possesses uniformly distributed intimate heterogeneous interface, a high specific surface area (95.8 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>), and abundant surface active sites, thereby significantly enhancing its adsorption and catalytic oxidation capability toward 2-CEES. At a low operating temperature of 130 °C, the sensor demonstrates a high response of 41.5 toward 10 ppm 2-CEES, a rapid recovery capability of only 84 s, and a low detection limit of 20 ppb, along with excellent selectivity, humidity resistance, reproducibility, and long-term stability. Through systematic characterization including XPS, in-situ DRIFTS, TPD, and DFT calculations, the multi-step catalytic oxidation pathway of 2-CEES on the composite surface is elucidated, along with the mechanism by which the heterostructure enhances gas-sensing performance via band structure modulation, interfacial charge transfer, and the built-in electric field. This study offers both new materials and novel insights for the development of low-power, highly sensitive sensors for trace detection of chemical warfare agents.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, antibiotics have been widely detected in aquatic environments, posing serious threats to aquatic ecosystems and the safety of drinking water. Owing to its environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and potential for antibiotic resistance gene transmission, norfloxacin (NOR) is recognized as a typical quinolone antibiotic that remains difficult to remove using conventional water treatment technologies. Therefore, the development of efficient and stable technologies for NOR removal is of significant environmental importance and practical value. In this study, to address the insufficient efficiency and stability of electrode materials in electrocatalytic oxidation processes, in view of the lack of quantitative correlation and direct characterization of the existing Ti4O7 modification strategies, the P@CNT/Ti4O7(Phosphorus doped carbon nanotubes/titanium tetroxide composite electrode) composite anode was successfully prepared by carbon nanotube composite and phosphorus doping modification. This modification method is different from the traditional single modification method, and realizes the dual optimization of electrode interface conductivity and active sites. The results demonstrated that the surface chemical environment of the material was optimized through the formation of P–O–C and TiP bonds induced by phosphorus doping, resulting in markedly enhanced interfacial conductivity and electron transfer rates of the electrode. Notably, a NOR removal efficiency of 98.6% within 50 min was achieved (60 min degradation efficiency at 10 mg/L high concentration and 0.1–1 mg/L environment related concentration exceeded 90%), with the degradation rate constant being 3.55 times higher than that of the pristine Ti4O7 electrode. Superior performance was observed under alkaline conditions and in the presence of halide ions. In addition, toxicity evaluation confirmed that this technology effectively reduces the ecological toxicity of NOR. This work is expected to provide an effective technical strategy and theoretical basis for the remediation of antibiotic pollution in aquatic environments.
{"title":"Fabrication of phosphorus@carbon nanotube/Ti4O7 composite anode for enhanced electrochemical degradation of norfloxacin: Nonmetal doping strategies and associated mechanisms","authors":"Pingzhou Duan, Haiyang Wang, Rui Pang, Chuanyu Zhang, Lixia Zheng, Yifei Zhang, Li Liu, Xiang Hu, Jian Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.175258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.175258","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, antibiotics have been widely detected in aquatic environments, posing serious threats to aquatic ecosystems and the safety of drinking water. Owing to its environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and potential for antibiotic resistance gene transmission, norfloxacin (NOR) is recognized as a typical quinolone antibiotic that remains difficult to remove using conventional water treatment technologies. Therefore, the development of efficient and stable technologies for NOR removal is of significant environmental importance and practical value. In this study, to address the insufficient efficiency and stability of electrode materials in electrocatalytic oxidation processes, in view of the lack of quantitative correlation and direct characterization of the existing Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub> modification strategies, the P@CNT/Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>(Phosphorus doped carbon nanotubes/titanium tetroxide composite electrode) composite anode was successfully prepared by carbon nanotube composite and phosphorus doping modification. This modification method is different from the traditional single modification method, and realizes the dual optimization of electrode interface conductivity and active sites. The results demonstrated that the surface chemical environment of the material was optimized through the formation of P–O–C and Ti<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>P bonds induced by phosphorus doping, resulting in markedly enhanced interfacial conductivity and electron transfer rates of the electrode. Notably, a NOR removal efficiency of 98.6% within 50 min was achieved (60 min degradation efficiency at 10 mg/L high concentration and 0.1–1 mg/L environment related concentration exceeded 90%), with the degradation rate constant being 3.55 times higher than that of the pristine Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub> electrode. Superior performance was observed under alkaline conditions and in the presence of halide ions. In addition, toxicity evaluation confirmed that this technology effectively reduces the ecological toxicity of NOR. This work is expected to provide an effective technical strategy and theoretical basis for the remediation of antibiotic pollution in aquatic environments.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Na) and sodium citrate (SC) into a polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix, forming a mechanically robust dual-network. The incorporated polar SC critically reorganizes the hydrogen-bond (HB) network, suppressing free water activity and endowing exceptional thermal stability. At the Zn anode, the zincophilic functional groups from CMC-Na and SC collaboratively regulate the solvation sheath and interfacial HB network, guiding homogeneous Zn2+ flux and dendrite-free deposition. At the MnO2 cathode, the hydrogel acts as a pH buffer to mitigate proton-induced dissolution while simultaneously chelating manganese ions to suppress detrimental crossover. Consequently, the engineered electrolyte enables an ultralong cycling life of 11,430 h in a Zn//Zn symmetric cell at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2. The Zn//MnO2 full cell delivers a high specific capacity of 212.35 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and retain 81.47% capacity after 1500 cycles at 2 A g−1, with stable operation from −20 to 50 °C. Furthermore, the universality of this design is successfully demonstrated in Zn//PEDOT-V2O5 cells, establishing its generalizability across diverse cathode materials and paving the way for advanced aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
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