Tina Snoj, Tjaša Lukan, Kristina Gruden, Gregor Anderluh
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Plants are attacked by various pathogens that secrete a variety of effectors to damage host cells and facilitate infection. One of the largest and so far understudied microbial protein families of effectors is necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide-1-like proteins (NLPs), which are involved in important plant diseases. Many NLPs act as cytolytic toxins that cause cell death and tissue necrosis by disrupting the plant's plasma membrane. Their mechanism of action is unique and leads to the formation of small, transient membrane ruptures. Here, we capture the interaction of the cytotoxic model NLP from the oomycete Pythium aphanidermatum, NLPPya, with plant cell-mimicking membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and tobacco protoplasts using confocal fluorescence microscopy. We show that the permeabilization of GUVs by NLPPya is concentration- and time-dependent, confirm the small size of the pores by observing the inability of NLPPya monomers to pass through them, image the morphological changes of GUVs at higher concentrations of NLPPya and confirm its oligomerization on the membrane of GUVs. In addition, NLPPya bound to plasma membranes of protoplasts, which showed varying responses. Our results provide new insights into the interaction of NLPPya with model lipid membranes containing plant-derived sphingolipids.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Membrane Biology is dedicated to publishing high-quality science related to membrane biology, biochemistry and biophysics. In particular, we welcome work that uses modern experimental or computational methods including but not limited to those with microscopy, diffraction, NMR, computer simulations, or biochemistry aimed at membrane associated or membrane embedded proteins or model membrane systems. These methods might be applied to study topics like membrane protein structure and function, membrane mediated or controlled signaling mechanisms, cell-cell communication via gap junctions, the behavior of proteins and lipids based on monolayer or bilayer systems, or genetic and regulatory mechanisms controlling membrane function.
Research articles, short communications and reviews are all welcome. We also encourage authors to consider publishing ''negative'' results where experiments or simulations were well performed, but resulted in unusual or unexpected outcomes without obvious explanations.
While we welcome connections to clinical studies, submissions that are primarily clinical in nature or that fail to make connections to the basic science issues of membrane structure, chemistry and function, are not appropriate for the journal. In a similar way, studies that are primarily descriptive and narratives of assays in a clinical or population study are best published in other journals. If you are not certain, it is entirely appropriate to write to us to inquire if your study is a good fit for the journal.