In vitro measurement of the initial forces and moments generated for a curve of Spee malocclusion with labial and lingual archwire forms.

Silas Yeung, Brandon Owen, Giseon Heo, Jason P Carey, Paul W Major, Dan L Romanyk
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Abstract

Objectives: To compare the biomechanics of labial and lingual fixed orthodontic treatment options for a simulated curve of Spee malocclusion.

Materials and methods: An in vitro electromechanical orthodontic simulator was used to measure the three-dimensional forces and moments on each tooth of a mandibular arch. Labial and lingual brackets, both with 0.018-inch slot sizes, were bonded to mechanical teeth. Three archwire forms were considered: labial straight, lingual straight, and lingual mushroom. The simulator was set in a passive levelled position with 0.016-inch × 0.022-inch stainless steel archwires, then teeth were moved to a curve of Spee maloclussion with the first premolar intruded 1.5 mm and the canine and second premolar intruded 0.75 mm. Two-way mixed multivariate analysis of variance (α = 0.05) was used to compare forces and moments generated among the three archwires.

Results: Statistical differences were found in 55 of 63 comparisons of forces and moments between archwire types for each tooth around the arch. The lowest force magnitudes were measured for labial straight archwires at each tooth position. The lateral incisor experienced the largest gingival forces with all archwire forms. The first premolar and first molar experienced labial-lingual crown tipping moments in opposite directions between labial and the two lingual archwire forms.

Conclusions: Biomechanical differences between labial, lingual straight, and lingual mushroom treatment modalities for the correction of curve of Spee misalignments were elucidated. Labial straight archwire exerted the lowest force magnitudes overall. For both lingual archwire forms, the labial-lingual inclination of the first premolar could be highly variable during levelling.

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Spee型唇、舌弓形错牙合曲线初始力和力矩的体外测量。
目的:比较模拟曲线Spee错牙合中唇部和舌部固定正畸治疗方案的生物力学特性。材料与方法:采用体外机电正畸模拟器测量下颌弓各牙的三维力和力矩。唇牙和舌牙托槽尺寸均为0.018英寸,与机械牙结合。三种弓线形式被考虑:唇直,舌直和舌蘑菇。用0.016英寸× 0.022英寸的不锈钢弓丝将模拟牙置于被动水平位置,将牙齿移动到Spee错颌曲线上,第一前磨牙内嵌1.5 mm,犬齿和第二前磨牙内嵌0.75 mm。采用双向混合多变量方差分析(α = 0.05)比较三根弓丝之间产生的力和力矩。结果:63个牙弓周围弓丝类型之间的力和力矩比较中有55个存在统计学差异。测量唇部直弓丝在各牙位的最低受力大小。侧切牙在所有弓丝形态中牙龈受力最大。第一前磨牙和第一磨牙在唇形和双舌弓形之间经历了相反方向的唇舌冠倾斜力矩。结论:分析了唇形矫正、舌形矫正和舌形矫正的生物力学差异。唇直弓丝整体受力幅度最小。对于两种舌弓形,第一前磨牙的唇舌倾斜度在调平过程中可能会有很大的变化。
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