High-Performance Radioluminescent Nuclear Battery Based on Ultrabright Cs₃Cu₂I₅:Tl Single Crystal Scintillator

Abstract

Developing scintillators with excellent luminescent properties is necessary for further boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of radioluminescent (RL) nuclear battery. In this work, the electrical properties of RL nuclear battery based on ultrabright Cs3Cu2I5:Tl single crystal scintillator are investigated. The optimal open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of Cs3Cu2I5:Tl RL nuclear battery are 0.37 V and $3.267~\mu $ A/cm2, corresponding to the maximum output power density of 898 nW/cm2, which is, respectively, 1.18 and 2.95 times that of the RL nuclear battery based on ZnS:Ag and Lu2-xYxSiO5:Ce (LYSO:Ce) reference scintillators. After continuous X-ray irradiation with a total dose of approximately 6600 Gy, the luminescence properties of Cs3Cu2I5:Tl scintillator remained above 90% of its initial value. This work demonstrates the potential of Cs3Cu2I5:Tl scintillator serving as RL nuclear battery with high PCE and long-term stability.