Monopole based flower-shaped 4-element MIMO antenna with high diversity performance for 4G: LTE, 5G: sub-6 GHz (n77/n78/n79), WiFi-5 and WiFi-6 bands applications

Abstract

In this paper, a monopole-based flower-shaped 4-element multiple-input multiple-output antenna is designed for 4G Long-term evolution bands, 5G sub-6 GHz bands, Wifi-5 and Wifi-6 bands applications. The proposed model is designed and fabricated on low cost FR4 material with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and compactness of 54 × 54 mm² (0.51 λ₀ × 0.51 λ₀, where λ₀ measured at the lower band) size, having the height of 1.6 mm. The single radiating patch of size 26 × 20 mm², and it works in the frequency range of 3.34 to 6.32 GHz. Later, four single radiators are placed in an orthogonal manner for isolation enhancement. The working band of the proposed model is 2.88 to 6.12 GHz with isolation more than 15 dB for adjacent elements and better than 20 dB for diagonal elements. The stable radiation patterns and high radiation efficiency values above 90% are achieved in the entire working region. A minimum gain of 2.75 dBi and maximum gain of 5.25 dBi is attained. The diversity characteristics of the proposed model are checked with low Envelope correlation coefficient, high Diversity gain, low Channel capacity loss, good Mean effective gain, and acceptable Total active reflection coefficient values. The proposed model is developed and validated with simulated results, which are in good agreement.