Development of Cellulose Acetate-Polyethylene Glycol-Chitosan Membrane-Embedded TiO2 Nanoparticles for Reverse Osmosis Desalination

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI:10.1007/s11270-024-07693-2

Faizal Mustapa, Selvia Laki Wawe, La Ode Ahmad, Dwiprayogo Wibowo, Amir Mahmud, Maulidiyah Maulidiyah, Akrajas Ali Umar, Muhammad Nurdin

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Abstract

The clean water crisis in Indonesia has recently increased due to wastewater pollution in groundwater. As an alternative, the use of seawater for clean water needs to be developed, considering that Indonesia has a very abundant area of sea water which is an alternative as a raw material for clean water resources. In this study, we fabricated TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in CA/PEG/Chitosan membranes for seawater desalination. The effect of TiO₂ NPs for high-performance of developed membranes was evaluated by reverse osmosis (RO) method to determine the unique characteristics and performance of membranes material for evaluating seawater desalination process. Preparation of CA/PEG/Chitosan membrane-embedded TiO₂ NPs was evenly dispersed into the CA/PEG/Chitosan membrane interlayer by blending method and printed on a glass surface to obtain a thin film developed membranes. The characterization and performance over developed membranes were evaluated to observe unique characteristic by adding TiO₂ NPs and its high-performance to reject salt content in seawater. Based on these results, the developed membranes were interestingly characterized by using FTIR spectrophotometer shows the presence of functional groups for organic and inorganic bonds such as C = O, -CH₃, NH₂, C-O, -OH, C-H, and Ti–O-Ti. The presence of TiO₂ NPs indicates the attachment of TiO₂ NPs in the membranes. In addition, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was also confirmed to evaluate the morphological structure of without and CA/PEG/Chitosan-modified TiO₂ type (I) and (II), in which the pore size of CA/PEG/Chitosan is larger than membrane-embedded TiO₂ NPs. Moreover, XRD analysis also confirmed that TiO₂ NPs has shown amorphously structures formed on CA/PEG/Chitosan membrane, in which the TiO₂ NPs crystal size with 0.25 g of 2.87 nm and 0.5 g of 3.05 nm. Determination of seawater desalination and water flux has shown Ca/PEG/Chitosan membrane-modified TiO₂ NPs can increase salt rejection value but reduce membrane water flux value. The highest flux value is 29.4 L/m indicates by CA/PEG/Chitosan membrane, while the salt rejection value is 61.76% from CA/PEG/Chitosan membrane-embedded 0.5 g TiO₂ NPs. This study provides a new idea for preparing highly permeable and seawater desalination membranes of CA/PEG/Chitosan membrane-embedded TiO₂ NPs under the reverse osmosis method for producing clean water resources.

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反渗透海水淡化用醋酸纤维素-聚乙二醇-壳聚糖膜包埋TiO2纳米颗粒的研制

由于地下水中的废水污染，印度尼西亚的清洁水危机最近有所加剧。考虑到印度尼西亚拥有非常丰富的海水面积，作为清洁水资源的一种替代原料，因此需要开发利用海水获取清洁水。在本研究中，我们制备了二氧化钛纳米粒子（NPs）包埋在CA/PEG/壳聚糖膜上用于海水淡化。通过反渗透（RO）法评价TiO2 NPs对制备膜性能的影响，确定用于评价海水淡化工艺的膜材料的独特特性和性能。将CA/PEG/壳聚糖膜包埋的TiO2 NPs通过共混法均匀分散到CA/PEG/壳聚糖膜间层中，并在玻璃表面印刷，得到薄膜显影膜。通过对制备膜的表征和性能进行评价，观察到添加TiO2 NPs的独特特性及其对海水中盐含量的抑制性能。在此基础上，利用FTIR分光光度计对所制备的膜进行了表征，发现了C = O、-CH3、NH2、C-O、-OH、C- h和Ti-O-Ti等有机和无机键官能团的存在。TiO2 NPs的存在表明TiO2 NPs附着在膜上。此外，还通过扫描电镜（SEM）对CA/PEG/壳聚糖修饰型TiO2 (I)和（II）的形态结构进行了评价，其中CA/PEG/壳聚糖修饰型TiO2的孔径大于膜包埋型TiO2 NPs。此外，XRD分析也证实了TiO2 NPs在CA/PEG/壳聚糖膜上形成了非晶结构，其中TiO2 NPs的晶粒尺寸分别为0.25 g （2.87 nm）和0.5 g （3.05 nm）。海水淡化和水通量的测定表明，Ca/PEG/壳聚糖膜修饰TiO2 NPs可以提高盐的截留值，但降低膜的水通量值。CA/PEG/壳聚糖膜的通量最高，为29.4 L/m，而CA/PEG/壳聚糖膜包埋0.5 g TiO2 NPs的脱盐率为61.76%。本研究为反渗透法制备CA/PEG/壳聚糖膜包埋TiO2 NPs的高渗透海水淡化膜提供了新的思路。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.