Effects of Breastfeeding Knowledge and Health Beliefs regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Breastfeeding Intention of Pregnant Women.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationships between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) related breastfeeding knowledge, GDM-related breastfeeding health beliefs, and breastfeeding intention. It investigates the factors influencing breastfeeding intention among pregnant women in Nepal.

Methods: A total of 229 healthy pregnant women visiting an antenatal clinic in Nepal participated in this study between January and March, 2023. They completed a questionnaire that assessed their GDM-related breastfeeding knowledge, GDM-related breastfeeding health beliefs, and breastfeeding intention. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA including Scheffé's post-hoc test, and logistic regression analysis.

Results: Of the participants, 86.9% (n=199) indicated positive breastfeeding intention, even with a relatively low level of GDM-related breastfeeding knowledge. Logistic regression analysis of the factors influencing breastfeeding intention yielded a significant model (χ²=38.80, p<.001) with significant variables; GDM-related breastfeeding knowledge (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 1.02-1.40), GDM-related breastfeeding health beliefs (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.15), and immediate family experience with diabetes mellitus (OR: 5.38, 95% CI: 1.98-14.62).

Conclusion: Nurses should lead interventions to educate pregnant women about the benefits of breastfeeding that can help in mitigating the long-term effects of GDM and reinforce health beliefs through positive experiences. This study provides information demonstrating the need for nurse-led improvements in Nepal's GDM management system, from screening to comprehensive care.