The climate emergency for rheumatologists: where do we stand?

Abstract

Climate change and pollution are a major existential threat. Healthcare contributes a noteworthy 4-6% to the total carbon footprint and 5-7% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Environmental pollution and modern lifestyles are also contributing to the increased prevalence of autoimmune and lifestyle-related rheumatic disease. In this review, we assess both the effects of rheumatological practice on climate change and the potential impact of climate change on rheumatological diseases. Preliminary evidence suggests that climate change is linked with the inception or exacerbation of some of the autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRDs) like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, systemic sclerosis, and reactive arthritis. Furthermore, with rampant industrialization and pollution, emerging infections such as Dengue, Zika virus, and chikungunya have emerged as triggers of inflammatory arthritis. Strategies at different levels are proposed to mitigate the effect of the healthcare industry and the community on the environment. The rheumatology community can acknowledge and begin to address the challenges of climate change and health.