Strong Source and Fluent Flow May Increase Grain Weight and Yield in Water-Saving and Drought-Resistance Rice: A 5-Year Field Study

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI:10.1111/jac.70018

Kun Liu, Hong Zhao, Dangping Hou, Chenyu Wang, Zhikang Li, Jiarong Cui, Yu Zhang, Yiying Zhang, Li Ren, Jian Huang, Jingli Zhang, Jingyan Huang, Shouguo Li, Yunxia Chu, Hairong Chen, Shan Deng, Ruixi Han

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Abstract

Water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) is a new type of cultivated rice, which not only has the characteristics of high yield and quality of rice, but also has the properties of water-saving and drought-resistance of upland rice. However, the source, flow and sink basis of its high yield were still unclear. It was of great significance for the breeding of high-yielding WDR varieties and cultivation regulation to clarify the characteristics of the source, flow, and sink of WDR yield formation and its regulation effects. In this study, WDR varieties (more than 20) with three groups of different grain weight types: small grain weight type (SGWT, grain weight < 22.5 mg), medium grain weight type (MGWT, 22.5 mg < grain weight < 25 mg) and large grain weight type (LGWT, grain weight > 25 mg), were selected as materials. The contribution of grain weight to the yield, the changes of source (flag leaf length and width), flow (stem length and diameter), and sink (grain length and width) and the regulation effects of grain fertiliser application rate (GFAR) on grain weight in WDR were studied through a 5-year field cultivation. The results showed that (1) the average yield of LGWT was significantly higher than that of SGWT and MGWT varieties, with an increase of 5.23%–9.88% and 2.06%–3.08%, respectively. Larger grain weight was the primary feature of high-yielding WDR varieties. (2) There was a significant positive correlation between grain weight and, flag leaf width (source) and stem diameter (flow) at the middle grain filling stage (25 days after heading) (r = 0.467*–0.688**). (3) Compared with no GFAR treatment, the applying GFAR treatments (GFAR at 25 and 50 kg ha⁻¹) increased the stem diameter, flag leaf width, grain weight and yield of Huhan1505 (SGWT), Huhan1517 (MGWT) and Hanyou756 (LGWT) to varying degrees, and the increase of SGWT was greater. Larger flag leaf width (strong source) and wider stem diameter (fluent flow) were material foundation for high yield of WDR. Promoting source strength and smooth flow at the middle grain filling stage was conducive to promoting the increase of grain weight and yield of WDR.

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来源强、流量畅通可提高节水抗旱水稻籽粒重和产量：一项为期5年的田间研究

节水抗旱水稻（WDR）是一种新型栽培水稻，它既具有水稻高产、优质的特点，又具有旱稻节水抗旱的特性。但其高产的源、流、汇基础尚不清楚。阐明WDR产量形成的源、流、库特征及其调控作用，对WDR高产品种选育和栽培调控具有重要意义。本研究将20多个WDR品种分为3组不同粒重类型：小粒重类型(SGWT，粒重<；22.5 mg)，中等粒重型(MGWT, 22.5 mg <；粒重<；25毫克)和大粒重型(LGWT，粒重>；25 mg)，作为材料。通过5年的大田栽培，研究了WDR籽粒重对产量的贡献、源（旗叶长和宽）、流（茎长和直径）和汇（籽粒长和宽）的变化以及籽粒肥施用量（GFAR）对籽粒重的调节作用。结果表明：(1)LGWT品种的平均产量显著高于SGWT和MGWT品种，分别提高5.23% ~ 9.88%和2.06% ~ 3.08%；粒重较大是WDR高产品种的主要特征。(2)籽粒重与籽粒灌浆中期（抽穗后25 d）旗叶宽度（源）、茎粗（流量）呈极显著正相关（r = 0.467* -0.688 **）。(3)与未施用GFAR处理相比，施用GFAR处理（25和50 kg ha−1）可不同程度地提高胡汉1505 （SGWT）、胡汉1517 （MGWT）和汉优756 （LGWT）的茎粗、旗叶宽度、粒重和产量，其中SGWT的增产幅度更大。更大的旗叶宽度（源强）和更宽的茎粗（流顺）是WDR高产的物质基础。灌浆中期提高源强度和水流畅通有利于促进WDR籽粒重和产量的增加。

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来源期刊

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

8.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

审稿时长

7.8 months

期刊介绍： The effects of stress on crop production of agricultural cultivated plants will grow to paramount importance in the 21st century, and the Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science aims to assist in understanding these challenges. In this context, stress refers to extreme conditions under which crops and forages grow. The journal publishes original papers and reviews on the general and special science of abiotic plant stress. Specific topics include: drought, including water-use efficiency, such as salinity, alkaline and acidic stress, extreme temperatures since heat, cold and chilling stress limit the cultivation of crops, flooding and oxidative stress, and means of restricting them. Special attention is on research which have the topic of narrowing the yield gap. The Journal will give preference to field research and studies on plant stress highlighting these subsections. Particular regard is given to application-oriented basic research and applied research. The application of the scientific principles of agricultural crop experimentation is an essential prerequisite for the publication. Studies based on field experiments must show that they have been repeated (at least three times) on the same organism or have been conducted on several different varieties.