Numerical simulation of landslide-generated waves based on multiphase smoothed particle hydrodynamics method with a case study of Wangjiashan landslide

Abstract

Landslide-generated waves pose significant risks. They can cause substantial economic losses and casualties. Accurate prediction of landslide-generated wave characteristics and potential consequences is critical for effective disaster management. In this study, a detailed simulation approach for landslide-generated waves using the multiphase smoothed particle hydrodynamics (MSPH) method has been developed, which can consider the soil–water interaction. Unlike traditional methods that treat landslide bodies as rigid blocks or discrete particles, the MSPH method accounts for the internal constitutive relationships and large deformations of the landslide mass. This method demonstrates superior performance in handling complex grid distortions, strong nonlinearities, and discontinuities in wave generation zones. After validating the model against experimental data, the MSPH method has been applied to simulate the Wangjiashan landslide. A total of 18 monitoring points were used to track the propagation of the landslide-generated wave. The simulation results show a maximum wave height of 5.73 m, which is close to those derived from alternative methods, thereby confirming the model’s accuracy. The simulation results not only enhance the understanding of landslide dynamics but also provide critical insights into wave behavior in reservoir environments, offering valuable guidance for disaster mitigation and risk management.