Optimizing maize production in the Guanzhong Region: An evaluation of density tolerance, yield, and mechanical harvesting characteristics in different maize varieties

Abstract

The rising demand for maize and increasing labor costs necessitate the selection of appropriate varieties to enhance maize production. This study evaluated the performance of three maize varieties—SD650, ZD958, and SD8806—at four planting densities: low (4.5 ×104 plants/hm2), regular (6 ×104 plants/hm2), medium (7.5 ×104 plants/hm2), and high (9 ×104 plants/hm2) over two years (2020 and 2021). The results demonstrated that SD650 consistently outperformed the other varieties, offering higher yield, superior lodging resistance, and better adaptation to high-density planting. These advantages were attributed to SD650’s optimized plant architecture and ability to maintain a higher kernel number per ear under dense planting conditions. Moreover, SD650 had a faster kernel dehydration rate during late growth stages and lower kernel water content at maturity, making it more suitable for mechanical harvesting. In conclusion, maize varieties like SD650, characterized by shorter growth periods, high-density tolerance, high yields, and compatibility with mechanized harvesting, are ideal for cultivation in summer-sown regions.