Tapered, Interdigitated Channels for Uniform, Low-Pressure Flow through Porous Electrodes for Desalination and Beyond

IF 5.5 3区 材料科学 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Electrochimica Acta Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145632
Md Habibur Rahman, Irwin C. Loud IV, Vu Q. Do, Md Abdul Hamid, Kyle C. Smith
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Abstract

Interdigitated flow fields (IDFFs) stand out among flow fields used in electrochemical energy storage and conversion for their modest pressure drop through electrodes. While recent efforts have sought to optimize flow-field topologies and channel shapes, we present a bottom-up strategy to taper channel cross-sections in IDFFs to maximize flow uniformity, eliminating the dead zones that plague straight channels. A linear variation in channel hydraulic conductance is shown to produce constant inter-channel velocity with minimal pressure drop, and mapping between conductance and cross-section geometry with appropriate Poiseuille flow relations enables their implementation. Using a micro-engraving process, we design and manufacture tapered channels having piecewise-constant cross-sections chosen from a library with different nominal widths and depths. The spacing between channels is then optimized to simultaneously minimize material removal and maximize apparent hydraulic permeability. Such tapered-channel IDFFs are embedded in porous, cation-intercalating electrodes for use in desalination by symmetric Faradaic deionization (FDI), where an increase in hydraulic permeability of tapered channels greater than two-fold compared to straight channels is shown to reduce pumping energy by 62% when desalinating seawater-salinity feeds. Energy efficiency doubles at 50% salt removal as a result, motivating hybridization of FDI with conventional desalination processes. Total energy consumption levels of 7.3 kWh/m³ and 0.69 kWh/m³ to produce freshwater respectively from seawater-salinity and brackish feeds is lower than small-scale reverse osmosis and thermal distillation. Low-pressure, high-efficiency operation enabled by IDFFs designed with optimally tapered channels motivates their broad use in flow-based electrochemical separations, energy storage, and energy conversion.

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来源期刊
Electrochimica Acta
Electrochimica Acta 工程技术-电化学
CiteScore
11.30
自引率
6.10%
发文量
1634
审稿时长
41 days
期刊介绍: Electrochimica Acta is an international journal. It is intended for the publication of both original work and reviews in the field of electrochemistry. Electrochemistry should be interpreted to mean any of the research fields covered by the Divisions of the International Society of Electrochemistry listed below, as well as emerging scientific domains covered by ISE New Topics Committee.
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