Ancient structural variants control sex-specific flowering time morphs in walnuts and hickories

IF 44.7 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Science Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI:10.1126/science.ado5578

Jeffrey S. Groh, Diane C. Vik, Matthew Davis, J. Grey Monroe, Kristian A. Stevens, Patrick J. Brown, Charles H. Langley, Graham Coop

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Abstract

Balanced mating type polymorphisms offer a distinct window into the forces shaping sexual reproduction strategies. Multiple hermaphroditic genera in Juglandaceae, including walnuts ( Juglans ) and hickories ( Carya ), show a 1:1 genetic dimorphism for male versus female flowering order (heterodichogamy). We map two distinct Mendelian inheritance mechanisms to ancient (>37 million years old) genus-wide structural DNA polymorphisms. The dominant haplotype for female-first flowering in Juglans contains tandem repeats of the 3′ untranslated region of a gene putatively involved in trehalose-6-phosphate metabolism and is associated with increased cis gene expression in developing male flowers, possibly mediated by small RNAs. The Carya locus contains ~20 syntenic genes and shows molecular signatures of sex chromosome–like evolution. Inheritance mechanisms for heterodichogamy are deeply conserved, yet may occasionally turn over, as in sex determination.

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Science 综合性期刊-综合性期刊

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61.10

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0.90%

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审稿时长

2.1 months

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