Safety and efficacy of dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin with pegfilgrastim in Japanese patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Abstract

Introduction: Dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (ddMVAC) therapy is indicated as first-line or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, no studies reported ddMVAC therapy with pegfilgrastim (3.6 mg) in Japanese patients. We investigated the safety and efficacy of ddMVAC therapy with pegfilgrastim in patients with advanced or metastatic UC.

Methods: A total of 43 patients received ddMVAC therapy with pegfilgrastim (3.6 mg) from February 2021 to August 2023. Among them, 25 and 18 patients received this regimen as first-line chemotherapy and NAC, respectively. We assessed toxicity and efficacy using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1, respectively.

Results: The median number of ddMVAC therapy cycles was 3 (range: 1-5), with a total of 131 cycles. Cisplatin at the full dose without reduction was administered to 24 (56%) patients. Grade ≥3 hematologic toxicity occurred in 15 (35%) patients. Among them, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and febrile neutropenia were 13.9%, 9.3%, 11.7%, and 7.0%, respectively. Regarding non-hematologic toxicity, grade 3 appetite loss was observed in 2 (5%) patients. Complete response was observed in 7 (16%) patients and partial response in 26 patients (60%), yielding an objective response rate of 76%. Pathologic complete response (pCR; ypT0pN0) was observed in 3 (16.7%) patients and downstaging occurred in 13 (72.2%) patients. The median progression-free survival and overall survival of first-line treatment with ddMVAC were 18.6 months and not reached, respectively.

Conclusion: The ddMVAC with pegfilgrastim (3.6 mg) reduced injection-related patient burden, caused fewer grade ≥3 adverse events, and demonstrated similar efficacy when compared to the original ddMVAC regimen that used G-CSF for 7 consecutive days.