Investigation and Characterization of Eco-Technological Synthesis of Spherical TiO2 Nanoparticles from Thalassia hemprichi and Analysis of Biomedical Properties.

Abstract

In this present investigation, plant-mediated synthesis of titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles was synthesized from seagrass (Thalassia hemprichi) using the hot plate combustion method (HPCM). Synthesized TiO₂ nanoparticles optical, functional, structural, and morphology properties were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). SEM analysis confirmed the spherical shape of the TiO₂ nanoparticles were observed in various sizes, viz., 50 nm and 78 nm. The XRD analysis revealed that TiO₂ nanoparticles have a body-centred cubic structure without a secondary phase. Green synthesized TiO₂ nanoparticle applications were studied against the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and photocatalytic activity. The pathogenic bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were tested against TiO₂ nanoparticles; the maximum level of activity was seen at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. The antioxidant assays were performed against TiO₂ nanoparticles, and inhibitory concentration values (IC₅₀) were 40.28 μg/mL of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 52.04 µg/mL of the acrylamide tertiary butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS) assay, and 16.91 µg/mL of the metal chelating assay. The anticancer activity was analyzed against MCF-7 cancer cells using TiO₂ nanoparticles, and the IC₅₀ value showed 64.14 µg/mL concentration. An eco-friendly and convenient method was formulated for the production of titanium oxide nanoparticles utilizing seagrass extract. The potential employment of TiO₂ involves water treatment, biomedicine, biosensors, and nanotechnology.