Optimization of low-carbon lightweight foamed concrete using ground circulating fluidized bed fly ash

Abstract

Section snippets

Materials

The constituent materials included P·I 42.5 Portland cement, CFBFA, and foaming agent. The apparent density of cement was 3110 kg/m³. The CFBFA was produced in Shandong Province, China, with an apparent density of 2100 kg/m³ and a loss on ignition of 15.89%. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of CFBFA and cement. The main components of CFBFA are SiO₂ and Al₂O₃. A small amount of Fe₂O₃, SO₃, CaO and TiO₂ appears as well. Fig. 1 presents the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of CFBFA. The main

Setting time

Fig. 10 shows the measured setting time of cement with different GCFBFA substitution ratios. As can be seen, GCFBFA causes the initial and final setting time of cement to be prolonged. The initial setting time of S30 and S70 is 156 minutes and 185 minutes, respectively, which is prolonged by 25% and 48% compared to S0. As for the final setting time, it is prolonged by 55% and 103% for S30 and S70, respectively. The above results show that the effect of GCFBFA on the final setting time is more

Conclusions

In the present study, GCFBFA is utilized as an SCM to prepare low-carbon LFC. The conclusions can be summarized as follows:

• (1)The main reaction that occurs between GCFBFA and cement is the pozzolanic reaction, and the sulfate in GCFBFA promotes the generation of AFt. The binder incorporated with 30% GCFBFA achieves the greatest strength and the highest reaction degree, producing the most hydration products.
• (2)GCFBFA retards cement hydration, prolongs setting time, reduces total hydration heat, and

Uncited reference

Seong-Woo et al., 2021.

Data availability

Data will be available on request.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Key Basic Research Project of China (No. 2022YFC3005604), National Natural Science Foundation of China (52378250), 111 Project (No. B21012), Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province (No. tsqn201909032) and "Unveiling and Commanding" Project of Jinan Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (202323007).