Comparing the cost of cirrhosis to other common chronic diseases: A longitudinal study in a large national insurance database

Abstract

Background & Aims: Cirrhosis prevalence is increasing, yet costs associated with its chronic, complex care are poorly understood. The aim was to characterize the costs of care for patients with cirrhosis and compare them to other chronic diseases such as heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), for which the public health burden is better recognized. Approach: Patients enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans from a large national insurer between 2011-2020 with cirrhosis, HF, and COPD were identified by ICD-9/-10 codes. Costs (USD) of care were calculated per patient-month and included inpatient medical, emergency medical, pharmacy, and other costs. Results: 93,308 patients with cirrhosis, 355,520 patients with HF, and 318,949 patients with COPD were analyzed. Patients with cirrhosis, HF, and COPD had a mean (SD) age of 69.6 (9.5), 75.9 (9.7), and 72.9 (9.8) years respectively. The most frequent etiologies were metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (37.7%) and alcohol-associated cirrhosis (22.1%). The total monthly cost of care for patients with cirrhosis, HF, and COPD was $3,032.00, $2,491.60, and $1,955.60 respectively. The cost for patients with cirrhosis exceeded that for HF by $540.40 (21.7% higher) and COPD by $1,076.30 (55.0% higher). The monthly cost of care for decompensated cirrhosis $3,969.30, which was 59.3% ($1,477.70) higher than for HF and 103.0% ($1,955.60) higher than for COPD. Conclusion: The cost of care for cirrhosis is high, significantly higher than HF and COPD. Interventions directed at optimizing care to prevent progression to cirrhosis and decompensation are likely to alleviate this public health burden.