Advances in heterogeneous electro-Fenton processes for water treatment: A comprehensive review

Abstract

In the battle against persistent water pollution, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (Hetero-EF) process stands out as a groundbreaking technology for the degradation of refractory organics and the effective treatment of wastewater. This article delves into the latest advancements in this innovative method, illuminating the intricate mechanisms that drive the Hetero-EF process. A significant focus is placed on the role of carbon-based cathodes, which are crucial for the production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). We explore a variety of carbon materials, revealing how their unique properties significantly enhance the efficiency of the Hetero-EF process. Furthermore, we meticulously analyze the key factors that influence this technology, including catalyst type, pH value, current density, and reaction time, providing insights that could optimize its performance. In addition, our exploration extends to the diverse applications of the Hetero-EF process across different water qualities, showcasing its remarkable ability to degrade a wide range of pollutants. Not only does this process demonstrate high efficacy, but it also champions environmental sustainability by evaluating energy consumption and the recyclability of catalysts. Finally, we address the challenges that lie ahead and propose future directions for research and practical implementation of the Hetero-EF process in wastewater treatment. By shedding light on this innovative technology, we aim to inspire new strategies for sustainable water management and contribute to a cleaner, healthier environment.