Quantitative Assessment of Deep Gray Matter Susceptibility and Correlation With Cognition in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis

Abstract

Background and Objectives

Accumulation of metals quantified by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in deep gray matter (DGM) and their impact on cognition have not been studied in patients with liver cirrhosis. This study aims to use QSM to investigate the association between DGM susceptibility and cognition in cirrhotic patients.

Methods

Thirty cirrhotic patients and 30 age-, gender-, and education-matched controls were imaged using a multiecho gradient-echo sequence for QSM analysis in a 3T scanner. The susceptibility values were determined for the caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (PU), globus pallidus (GP), thalamus (TH), red nucleus (RN), substantia nigra (SN), and dentate nucleus (DN). All subjects underwent number connection test A (NCT-A), digit substitution test (DST), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Comparisons between the two groups and the correlation between the susceptibility values and neuropsychological scores were analyzed.

Results

The susceptibility values of bilateral CN, TH, and RN were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients. Cirrhotic patients exhibited significantly prolonged NCT-A time and decreased DST and MoCA scores. The NCT-A, DST, MoCA, and sub-domain scores were correlated with susceptibility values of RN, DN, SN, and CN, respectively. The susceptibility value of the left RN was a predictor variable for the DST, MoCA, and visuospatial–executive scores; those of the right CN and left RN were predictor variables for the naming score, and that of the left SN was an independent predictor variable for the language score.

Conclusions

Altered susceptibility values of DGM measured by QSM are potential quantitative indicators of cognitive impairment in cirrhotic patients.