Mimi Li, Shujuan Wu, Xiaofang Ye, Binbin Yu, Wanli Huang, Lichao Ye, Chunnuan Chen
Background
Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) emerged as an innovative marker for insulin resistance, and this study was designed to investigate the connection between eGDR and depressive symptoms.
Methods
Information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was processed within the cross-sectional research. Relationships between depressive symptoms and eGDR were examined using weighted logistic regression models, restricted cubic splines (RCS), sensitivity analyses, and subgroup comparisons. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the capacity for prediction of eGDR, relative to triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Mediation analysis was also applied to assess cardiometabolic index (CMI)’s potential role in the eGDR-depression relationship.
Results:
This analysis comprised 12,191 individuals stratified by eGDR tertiles (T1: <6.15; T2: 6.15–9.44; T3: ≥9.44 mg/kg/min). Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for covariates, found that T3 had a significantly lower odds ratio for depressive symptoms than T1 (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48–0.97). RCS curves confirmed a linear trend (P for non-linearity = 0.764). The negative association was particularly evident in participants under 60, non-Hispanic Black individuals, those living alone, and those without cardiovascular disease. ROC analysis indicated that eGDR had better discriminative power for depressive symptoms than TyG, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c (p < 0.05). Additionally, CMI mediated approximately 11.2% (95% CI: 4.2%–32.7%) of the total effect of eGDR on depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
Higher eGDR correlates with lower likelihood of depressive symptoms, with CMI acting as a mediator. Reducing insulin resistance and monitoring CMI could help decrease the occurrence of depression.
{"title":"Cardiometabolic Index as a Mediator in the Association Between Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate and Depressive Symptoms: A Population-Based Study","authors":"Mimi Li, Shujuan Wu, Xiaofang Ye, Binbin Yu, Wanli Huang, Lichao Ye, Chunnuan Chen","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71247","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71247","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) emerged as an innovative marker for insulin resistance, and this study was designed to investigate the connection between eGDR and depressive symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was processed within the cross-sectional research. Relationships between depressive symptoms and eGDR were examined using weighted logistic regression models, restricted cubic splines (RCS), sensitivity analyses, and subgroup comparisons. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the capacity for prediction of eGDR, relative to triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Mediation analysis was also applied to assess cardiometabolic index (CMI)’s potential role in the eGDR-depression relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This analysis comprised 12,191 individuals stratified by eGDR tertiles (T1: <6.15; T2: 6.15–9.44; T3: ≥9.44 mg/kg/min). Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for covariates, found that T3 had a significantly lower odds ratio for depressive symptoms than T1 (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48–0.97). RCS curves confirmed a linear trend (P for non-linearity = 0.764). The negative association was particularly evident in participants under 60, non-Hispanic Black individuals, those living alone, and those without cardiovascular disease. ROC analysis indicated that eGDR had better discriminative power for depressive symptoms than TyG, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, CMI mediated approximately 11.2% (95% CI: 4.2%–32.7%) of the total effect of eGDR on depressive symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher eGDR correlates with lower likelihood of depressive symptoms, with CMI acting as a mediator. Reducing insulin resistance and monitoring CMI could help decrease the occurrence of depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12876042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Husna Irfan Thalib, Nuha Fatima, Faaleha Heba Fakruddin, Hosna Hamidullah Ali, Sariya Khan, Mohammed Talha Mohammed Zubair, Mable Pereira, Fatma E. Sayed Hassan
<div> <section> <h3> Purpose</h3> <p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by progressive disability. Emerging evidence has implicated gut microbiome dysbiosis, characterized by decreased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing taxa and increased pro-inflammatory species, in disturbed immune signaling, T-helper17/T-regulatory cells imbalance, disturbed tryptophan metabolism, and disrupted integrity of the blood–brain barrier. In this review, we summarize the mechanistic and therapeutic insights from studies that have explored the gut microbiome in MS.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Method</h3> <p>We performed a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from database inception to January 2025; only English-language articles were included, comprising human MS cohorts and preclinical experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. Of these, approximately 95 human and preclinical studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Evidence synthesis was narrative, without meta-analysis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Finding</h3> <p>There has been a consistent depletion of beneficial genera such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, expansion of Akkermansia muciniphila, and reduction in microbial metabolites such as butyrate, propionate, and neuroactive indole derivatives in MS patients across studies. These changes promote intestinal permeability, exaggerated pro-inflammatory cytokine responses, and microglial activation. The therapeutic approach of restoring microbial balance includes therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions. Early trials have shown modest improvements in relapse rates, fatigue, immune profiles, and microbiome composition. Results across randomized studies are heterogeneous, with no significant clinical benefit in several. Pilot trials report modest reductions in relapse rate (RR ≈ 0.85) and fatigue (Cohen's <i>d</i> ≈ 0.3), but several double‑blind RCTs showed no significant benefit (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in up to 40% of participants, highlighting variable effect sizes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Interventions aimed at the microbiome are promising as adjunct approaches to the treatment of MS, acting principally through the restoration of SCFAs, immune modulation, and strengthening of the gut-brain axis. Larger, longer-term randomized trials are required to confirm clinical efficacy, define responder phenotypes, and inform personalized microbiome-based ther
目的：多发性硬化症（MS）是一种以进行性残疾为特征的中枢神经系统慢性自身免疫性疾病。新出现的证据表明肠道微生物群失调，其特征是产生短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）的分类群减少，促炎物种增加，免疫信号紊乱，t-辅助17/ t调节细胞失衡，色氨酸代谢紊乱，血脑屏障完整性破坏。在这篇综述中，我们总结了从探索ms肠道微生物组的研究中获得的机制和治疗见解。方法：我们在PubMed， Scopus， Web of Science和ClinicalTrials.gov上进行了文献检索，从数据库建立到2025年1月；仅纳入英文文章，包括人类MS队列和临床前实验自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型。其中，大约95项人类和临床前研究符合纳入标准。证据合成是叙述性的，没有荟萃分析。发现：在所有研究中，MS患者的有益菌如Faecalibacterium和Roseburia持续减少，嗜muciniphila扩增，微生物代谢物如丁酸盐、丙酸盐和神经活性吲哚衍生物减少。这些变化促进肠道通透性，夸大促炎细胞因子反应和小胶质细胞活化。恢复微生物平衡的治疗方法包括益生菌、益生元、合成菌、粪便微生物群移植和饮食干预等治疗方法。早期试验显示，在复发率、疲劳、免疫谱和微生物组成方面有适度的改善。随机研究的结果是不一致的，在一些研究中没有明显的临床获益。试点试验报告了复发率（RR≈0.85）和疲劳（Cohen’s d≈0.3）的适度降低，但几项双盲随机对照试验显示，多达40%的参与者没有显著的获益（p < 0.05），突出了不同的效应大小。结论：针对微生物组的干预措施有望作为MS治疗的辅助方法，主要通过修复scfa、免疫调节和加强肠-脑轴起作用。需要更大规模、更长期的随机试验来确认临床疗效，确定应答者表型，并为基于微生物组的个性化治疗提供信息。
{"title":"Modulating the Gut Microbiome as a Therapeutic Approach in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Gut-Brain Interactions and Immune Pathways: A Narrative Review","authors":"Husna Irfan Thalib, Nuha Fatima, Faaleha Heba Fakruddin, Hosna Hamidullah Ali, Sariya Khan, Mohammed Talha Mohammed Zubair, Mable Pereira, Fatma E. Sayed Hassan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71254","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71254","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by progressive disability. Emerging evidence has implicated gut microbiome dysbiosis, characterized by decreased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing taxa and increased pro-inflammatory species, in disturbed immune signaling, T-helper17/T-regulatory cells imbalance, disturbed tryptophan metabolism, and disrupted integrity of the blood–brain barrier. In this review, we summarize the mechanistic and therapeutic insights from studies that have explored the gut microbiome in MS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from database inception to January 2025; only English-language articles were included, comprising human MS cohorts and preclinical experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. Of these, approximately 95 human and preclinical studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Evidence synthesis was narrative, without meta-analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Finding</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There has been a consistent depletion of beneficial genera such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, expansion of Akkermansia muciniphila, and reduction in microbial metabolites such as butyrate, propionate, and neuroactive indole derivatives in MS patients across studies. These changes promote intestinal permeability, exaggerated pro-inflammatory cytokine responses, and microglial activation. The therapeutic approach of restoring microbial balance includes therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions. Early trials have shown modest improvements in relapse rates, fatigue, immune profiles, and microbiome composition. Results across randomized studies are heterogeneous, with no significant clinical benefit in several. Pilot trials report modest reductions in relapse rate (RR ≈ 0.85) and fatigue (Cohen's <i>d</i> ≈ 0.3), but several double‑blind RCTs showed no significant benefit (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in up to 40% of participants, highlighting variable effect sizes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interventions aimed at the microbiome are promising as adjunct approaches to the treatment of MS, acting principally through the restoration of SCFAs, immune modulation, and strengthening of the gut-brain axis. Larger, longer-term randomized trials are required to confirm clinical efficacy, define responder phenotypes, and inform personalized microbiome-based ther","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henrik Ahvenjärvi, Ida Lund, Anne M. Portaankorva, Johanna Krüger, Mervi Ryytty
Objectives
The objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities at the time of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis in a Finnish cross-sectional cohort and to analyze whether comorbidities at diagnosis associate with clinical characteristics, treatment delays, initial disease-modifying treatment (DMT) choice, DMT persistence, and disease activity.
Methods
Patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) were recruited during their appointments at the neurology outpatient clinic of the Oulu University Hospital, Finland, between the years 2018 and 2022. The data was gathered from the hospital medical records.
Results
The study cohort consisted of 421 Finnish RRMS patients, of whom 51.8% had at least one or more comorbidity at the time of MS diagnosis. Depression (16.2%) and migraine (11.6%) were the most common comorbidities. Medium-efficacy injectable DMTs (interferon-β and glatiramer acetate) were associated with lower treatment persistence in patients with any comorbidity or psychiatric comorbidity during the 4-year follow-up. Among patients with psychiatric comorbidity, the rate of DMT discontinuation was high shortly after the DMT initiation, and the annualized relapse rate at the start of the DMT was higher compared with those without psychiatric comorbidity (1.3 [SD 0.78] vs. 1.1 [SD 0.74], p = 0.026).
Conclusion
Comorbidities, especially psychiatric diseases, are associated with lower persistence on injectable DMTs. As comorbidities complicate the treatment of RRMS, it is crucial to identify their role from early on.
目的：目的是评估芬兰横断面队列中多发性硬化症（MS）诊断时合并症的患病率，并分析诊断时合并症是否与临床特征、治疗延迟、初始疾病改善治疗（DMT）选择、DMT持续时间和疾病活动性有关。方法：2018年至2022年间，在芬兰奥卢大学医院神经内科门诊就诊期间招募复发-缓解型MS （RRMS）患者。数据是从医院的医疗记录中收集的。结果：研究队列包括421名芬兰RRMS患者，其中51.8%在MS诊断时至少有一种或多种合并症。抑郁症（16.2%）和偏头痛（11.6%）是最常见的合并症。在4年随访期间，中等疗效的注射dmt（干扰素-β和醋酸格拉替默）与有任何合并症或精神合并症的患者较低的治疗持久性相关。在有精神合并症的患者中，DMT开始后不久的停药率较高，DMT开始时的年化复发率高于无精神合并症的患者（1.3 [SD 0.78]比1.1 [SD 0.74], p = 0.026）。结论：合并症，尤其是精神疾病，与注射dmt持续时间较短有关。由于合并症使RRMS的治疗复杂化，从早期确定它们的作用至关重要。
{"title":"Comorbidities at MS Diagnosis and Their Association With Treatment Persistence: Real-World Clinical Data","authors":"Henrik Ahvenjärvi, Ida Lund, Anne M. Portaankorva, Johanna Krüger, Mervi Ryytty","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71253","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71253","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities at the time of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis in a Finnish cross-sectional cohort and to analyze whether comorbidities at diagnosis associate with clinical characteristics, treatment delays, initial disease-modifying treatment (DMT) choice, DMT persistence, and disease activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) were recruited during their appointments at the neurology outpatient clinic of the Oulu University Hospital, Finland, between the years 2018 and 2022. The data was gathered from the hospital medical records.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study cohort consisted of 421 Finnish RRMS patients, of whom 51.8% had at least one or more comorbidity at the time of MS diagnosis. Depression (16.2%) and migraine (11.6%) were the most common comorbidities. Medium-efficacy injectable DMTs (interferon-β and glatiramer acetate) were associated with lower treatment persistence in patients with any comorbidity or psychiatric comorbidity during the 4-year follow-up. Among patients with psychiatric comorbidity, the rate of DMT discontinuation was high shortly after the DMT initiation, and the annualized relapse rate at the start of the DMT was higher compared with those without psychiatric comorbidity (1.3 [SD 0.78] vs. 1.1 [SD 0.74], <i>p</i> = 0.026).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Comorbidities, especially psychiatric diseases, are associated with lower persistence on injectable DMTs. As comorbidities complicate the treatment of RRMS, it is crucial to identify their role from early on.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent studies have shown that high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) devices allow us to accurately measure peripheral nerves in newborns. In consideration of these developments, this study aimed to analyze the structure and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve in children with SMA and evaluate the usefulness and reproducibility of HRUS imaging for the monitoring of peripheral nerves in these children.
Methods
A total of 12 participants aged 1–15 years with SMA were included in this repeated cross-sectional study. In addition, 97 normally developing children aged 2 days to 17 years were included as controls. Using HRUS devices, the structure and CSA of the median nerve were determined at three sites (wrist, forearm, and above the elbow). The measured CSA and nerve structure were compared between the groups.
Results
The CSA of the median nerve was smaller in the children with SMA than in the controls. Compared to the controls, SMA children had a mean CSA ranging from 0.70 to 1.02 mm2 smaller while adjusting for age. Similar to normally developing children, the increase in CSA with age in children with SMA can be described using a logarithmic curve. Furthermore, ultrasonographic examination indicated a loss of the fascicular structure of the nerves, which, together with muscle atrophy, led to an altered sonographic appearance and more difficult visualization.
Conclusion
HRUS is a useful method for monitoring nerve growth in children with SMA.
{"title":"Examination of the Peripheral Nervous System in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A High-Resolution Ultrasonographic Study","authors":"Janina Wurster, Erin West, Sandro Meier, Noé Phillip Bürke, Lynn Jansen, Philip Julian Broser","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71234","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71234","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent studies have shown that high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) devices allow us to accurately measure peripheral nerves in newborns. In consideration of these developments, this study aimed to analyze the structure and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve in children with SMA and evaluate the usefulness and reproducibility of HRUS imaging for the monitoring of peripheral nerves in these children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 12 participants aged 1–15 years with SMA were included in this repeated cross-sectional study. In addition, 97 normally developing children aged 2 days to 17 years were included as controls. Using HRUS devices, the structure and CSA of the median nerve were determined at three sites (wrist, forearm, and above the elbow). The measured CSA and nerve structure were compared between the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The CSA of the median nerve was smaller in the children with SMA than in the controls. Compared to the controls, SMA children had a mean CSA ranging from 0.70 to 1.02 mm<sup>2</sup> smaller while adjusting for age. Similar to normally developing children, the increase in CSA with age in children with SMA can be described using a logarithmic curve. Furthermore, ultrasonographic examination indicated a loss of the fascicular structure of the nerves, which, together with muscle atrophy, led to an altered sonographic appearance and more difficult visualization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HRUS is a useful method for monitoring nerve growth in children with SMA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress hyperglycemia (SH) is prevalent in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), calculated as the fasting blood glucose (FBG)/glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ratio, has been widely used to evaluate SH. However, the correlation between SHR and clinical outcomes in AIS patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) following endovascular treatment (EVT, including mechanical thrombectomy, contact aspiration, intra-arterial thrombolysis, excluding intravenous thrombolysis) remains unclear. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the association between SHR and clinical outcomes in EVT-treated AIS patients with LVO.
Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, to identify studies investigating the association between SHR and clinical outcomes. The entire study was executed in strict adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. References were screened based on pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was rigorously applied to assess potential bias risks in the selected studies. RevMan 5.3 software was utilized for performing meta-analyses on the included literature.
Results:
A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 3646 AIS patients who underwent EVT were included in this analysis. The meta-analysis results demonstrated a higher SHR was associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 3–6) at 90 days (odds ratio [OR] = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.30–3.06, p < 0.001), mortality (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.81–3.79, p < 0.001), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (OR = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–1.85, p < 0.001), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.27–3.30, p < 0.003) after EVT.
Conclusion
A higher SHR may increase the occurrence of poor outcomes, mortality, ICH, and sICH in AIS patients caused by LVO after EVT. SHR is associated with poor prognosis in AIS patients caused by LVO after EVT.
背景与目的：应激性高血糖症（SH）在急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者中普遍存在。应激性高血糖比（SHR），即空腹血糖(FBG)/糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）比值，已被广泛用于评估SH。然而，SHR与AIS大血管闭塞（LVO）患者血管内治疗（EVT，包括机械取栓、接触抽吸、动脉内溶栓，不包括静脉溶栓）后临床结局之间的相关性尚不清楚。本研究旨在进行荟萃分析，以调查evt治疗的AIS合并LVO患者SHR与临床结果之间的关系。方法：在PubMed、Web of Science、Embase和Cochrane Library等多个数据库中进行全面的文献检索，以确定调查SHR与临床结果之间关系的研究。整个研究严格遵守系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）指南的首选报告项目。根据预先指定的纳入和排除标准筛选参考文献，并严格应用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）评估所选研究的潜在偏倚风险。采用RevMan 5.3软件对纳入的文献进行meta分析。结果：共有10项研究符合纳入标准，3646例接受EVT的AIS患者被纳入本分析。meta分析结果显示，较高的SHR与EVT后90天不良结局（改良Rankin量表[mRS] 3-6）（优势比[OR] = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.30-3.06, p < 0.001）、死亡率（OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.81-3.79, p < 0.001）、颅内出血（OR = 1.53, 95%置信区间[CI]: 1.27-1.85, p < 0.001）、症状性颅内出血（OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.27-3.30, p < 0.003）的风险增加相关。结论：较高的SHR可能增加EVT后LVO致AIS患者不良预后、死亡率、脑出血和脑出血的发生率。SHR与EVT后LVO引起的AIS患者预后不良相关。
{"title":"Association of the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio and Prognosis After Endovascular Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Jiayu You, Qianshuo Liu, Xingqiang Li","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71245","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71245","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stress hyperglycemia (SH) is prevalent in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), calculated as the fasting blood glucose (FBG)/glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ratio, has been widely used to evaluate SH. However, the correlation between SHR and clinical outcomes in AIS patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) following endovascular treatment (EVT, including mechanical thrombectomy, contact aspiration, intra-arterial thrombolysis, excluding intravenous thrombolysis) remains unclear. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the association between SHR and clinical outcomes in EVT-treated AIS patients with LVO.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, to identify studies investigating the association between SHR and clinical outcomes. The entire study was executed in strict adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. References were screened based on pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was rigorously applied to assess potential bias risks in the selected studies. RevMan 5.3 software was utilized for performing meta-analyses on the included literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 3646 AIS patients who underwent EVT were included in this analysis. The meta-analysis results demonstrated a higher SHR was associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 3–6) at 90 days (odds ratio [OR] = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.30–3.06, <i>p</i> < 0.001), mortality (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.81–3.79, <i>p</i> < 0.001), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (OR = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–1.85, <i>p</i> < 0.001), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.27–3.30, <i>p</i> < 0.003) after EVT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A higher SHR may increase the occurrence of poor outcomes, mortality, ICH, and sICH in AIS patients caused by LVO after EVT. SHR is associated with poor prognosis in AIS patients caused by LVO after EVT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changes in neural plasticity crucially modulate functional recovery after central nerve injury. To describe morphological peripheral nerve injury-related changes, we comprehensively elucidated post-sciatic nerve transection (post-SNT) plasticity changes in the lumbar spinal corticospinal tract (CST), motor neurons, and cholinergic interneurons (CINs).
Methods
In a rat SNT model, we compared post-SNT changes in lumbar spinal cord plasticity at 2, 4, and 6 weeks with those in the Sham group. Using neural tracers and immunohistochemistry, we labeled and analyzed the CST axonal number and volume, motor neuron cell-body volume and synaptic inputs, and cholinergic interneuron (CIN) (medial and lateral, based on the distance from the central canal) number and synaptic inputs.
Results
Compared to the Sham group, the SNT groups showed no significant post-SNT changes in CST axonal number and volume. Motor neuron cell-body volume decreased by 29% at 6 weeks post-SNT, and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGlut1) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vAchT) synaptic inputs decreased by 82–93% and 27–42%, respectively, from 2 weeks post-SNT onward. From 2 weeks post-SNT onward, cell numbers were maintained, although vGlut1 synaptic inputs increased by 98%–68% in lateral CINs. At 6 weeks post-SNT, a 44% reduction in cell numbers and a simultaneous 107% increase in vGlut1 synaptic inputs were noted in medial CINs.
Conclusion
Following SNT, although CST axonal numbers remained unchanged, plasticity changes were observed in motor neurons and in CINs. CINs exhibited distinct plasticity changes depending on their localization.
{"title":"Changes in Spinal Neural Circuit Plasticity in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Transection Model","authors":"Katsuyuki Konishi, Toru Iwahashi, Taisuke Kasuya, Toshiki Shimada, Yoshiaki Yoshimura, Atsushi Kamata, Mai Konishi, Mingyuan Wang, Arisa Kazui, Ryoya Shiode, Satoshi Miyamura, Kunihiro Oka, Seiji Okada, Hiroyuki Tanaka","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71256","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71256","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in neural plasticity crucially modulate functional recovery after central nerve injury. To describe morphological peripheral nerve injury-related changes, we comprehensively elucidated post-sciatic nerve transection (post-SNT) plasticity changes in the lumbar spinal corticospinal tract (CST), motor neurons, and cholinergic interneurons (CINs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a rat SNT model, we compared post-SNT changes in lumbar spinal cord plasticity at 2, 4, and 6 weeks with those in the Sham group. Using neural tracers and immunohistochemistry, we labeled and analyzed the CST axonal number and volume, motor neuron cell-body volume and synaptic inputs, and cholinergic interneuron (CIN) (medial and lateral, based on the distance from the central canal) number and synaptic inputs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to the Sham group, the SNT groups showed no significant post-SNT changes in CST axonal number and volume. Motor neuron cell-body volume decreased by 29% at 6 weeks post-SNT, and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGlut1) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vAchT) synaptic inputs decreased by 82–93% and 27–42%, respectively, from 2 weeks post-SNT onward. From 2 weeks post-SNT onward, cell numbers were maintained, although vGlut1 synaptic inputs increased by 98%–68% in lateral CINs. At 6 weeks post-SNT, a 44% reduction in cell numbers and a simultaneous 107% increase in vGlut1 synaptic inputs were noted in medial CINs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following SNT, although CST axonal numbers remained unchanged, plasticity changes were observed in motor neurons and in CINs. CINs exhibited distinct plasticity changes depending on their localization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12876045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disturbances. This study analyzed the relationship between clinical characteristics, sarcopenia, and physical activity (PA) levels in HD patients.
Methods
A 1-year observational study was conducted with symptomatic, ambulatory HD patients, assessed at baseline and after 12 months. PA was monitored using a Fitbit Charge 4 activity tracker, and sarcopenia was determined through assessments of muscle strength, quantity, and physical performance. Participants were classified into two clusters based on age, motor (Unified HD Rating Scale), and cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination).
Results
We included 33 subjects with HD, mean age 53 (40–60) years, 45.5% males, median TFC 9.5 (7–13). At baseline, Cluster 1 had better motor function, functional capacity, and less apathy with a positive trend for higher PA, compared with Cluster 2, which had a negative trend for decreased PA over time (p = 0.006). After 1 year, Cluster 1 showed a decrease in PA (p = 0.035), similar to Cluster 2. At baseline, 53% of participants in Cluster 2 presented probable or confirmed sarcopenia, compared with 13% in Cluster 1. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in muscle strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and SPPB scores, with higher values in Cluster 1.
Conclusions
These preliminary findings suggest that a reduction in PA using wearable technology may be a potential early indicator of functional changes in HD. Identifying when PA reduction begins can help determine the timing of interventions aimed at delaying disease progression.
{"title":"Decreased Physical Activity as an Early Digital Biomarker in Huntington's Disease: A One-Year Observational Study","authors":"Lucía Simón-Vicente, Sara Calvo, Natividad Mariscal, Ignacio Muñoz-Siscart, Dolores Diaz-Piñeiro, Jéssica Rivadeneyra, Esther Cubo","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disturbances. This study analyzed the relationship between clinical characteristics, sarcopenia, and physical activity (PA) levels in HD patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 1-year observational study was conducted with symptomatic, ambulatory HD patients, assessed at baseline and after 12 months. PA was monitored using a Fitbit Charge 4 activity tracker, and sarcopenia was determined through assessments of muscle strength, quantity, and physical performance. Participants were classified into two clusters based on age, motor (Unified HD Rating Scale), and cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 33 subjects with HD, mean age 53 (40–60) years, 45.5% males, median TFC 9.5 (7–13). At baseline, Cluster 1 had better motor function, functional capacity, and less apathy with a positive trend for higher PA, compared with Cluster 2, which had a negative trend for decreased PA over time (<i>p</i> = 0.006). After 1 year, Cluster 1 showed a decrease in PA (<i>p</i> = 0.035), similar to Cluster 2. At baseline, 53% of participants in Cluster 2 presented probable or confirmed sarcopenia, compared with 13% in Cluster 1. Significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were observed in muscle strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and SPPB scores, with higher values in Cluster 1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These preliminary findings suggest that a reduction in PA using wearable technology may be a potential early indicator of functional changes in HD. Identifying when PA reduction begins can help determine the timing of interventions aimed at delaying disease progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongmin Gong, Jiaqin Yuan, Min Li, Deqi Xiong, Fayang Ling, Mei Liu, Yan Hu, Shouqiang Wang
Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been reported to be associated with depression; however, whether higher peripheral levels of IL-6 are associated with poststroke depression (PSD) remains controversial. To date, correlative meta-analyses of the relationship between IL-6 levels and PSD are lacking.
Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of databases to explore qualified studies reporting IL-6 levels in the acute phase of stroke and PSD before November 2024. The standard mean deviation (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to detect differences in peripheral IL-6 concentrations between PSD patients and non-PSD patients.
Results: A total of 22 studies including 4928 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that PSD patients had significantly higher peripheral IL-6 levels in the acute phase of stroke than non-PSD patients did (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.42-0.90). Higher IL-6 levels were detected in patients with PSD than in non-PSD patients whether the assessment of depressive symptoms was conducted within 3 months or later, but not at the time of discharge (at discharge: SMD = 1.76, 95% CI: -0.42-3.94, p = 0.11; ≤ 3 months: SMD = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.50-4.12, p < 0.001; > 3 months: SMD = 3.17, 95% CI: 0.62-5.71, p < 0.05). The result of serum for measuring peripheral IL-6 concentration was significant (SMD = 3.17, 95% CI = [1.63, 4.72], p < 0.001); however, plasma was not (SMD = 3.14, 95% CI = [-0.13, 6.40], p = 0.06). In addition, HAMD seemed to be more suitable for evaluating depressive symptoms than BDI-FS (HAMD: SMD = 3.31, 95% CI = [1.86, 4.75], p < 0.001; BDI-FS: SMD = 1.22, 95% CI = [-0.18, 2.62], p = 0.09). The sample collection time was the source of high heterogeneity (the subgroup of sample collection time within 1 day: I2 = 17%, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Higher peripheral IL-6 concentrations in the acute stage of stroke are closely related to the risk of PSD; collecting samples within 1 day after stroke onset and evaluating depression post discharge are recommended.
背景：据报道，白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）与抑郁症有关；然而，高外周IL-6水平是否与脑卒中后抑郁（PSD）相关仍有争议。迄今为止，缺乏IL-6水平与PSD之间关系的相关meta分析。方法：我们对数据库进行了全面检索，以探索2024年11月之前报道脑卒中和PSD急性期IL-6水平的合格研究。计算标准平均偏差（SMD）和95%置信区间（CI）来检测PSD患者和非PSD患者外周血IL-6浓度的差异。结果：本meta分析共纳入22项研究，4928名受试者。结果显示，卒中急性期PSD患者外周血IL-6水平明显高于非PSD患者（SMD = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.42-0.90）。无论是否在3个月内或之后进行抑郁症状评估，在PSD患者中检测到IL-6水平高于非PSD患者，而不是在出院时（出院时：SMD = 1.76, 95% CI: -0.42-3.94, p = 0.11；≤3个月：SMD = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.50-4.12, p < 0.001; > 3个月：SMD = 3.17, 95% CI: 0.62-5.71, p < 0.05）。血清外周IL-6浓度测定结果具有统计学意义（SMD = 3.17, 95% CI = [1.63, 4.72], p < 0.001）；而血浆则没有（SMD = 3.14, 95% CI = [-0.13, 6.40], p = 0.06）。此外，HAMD似乎比BDI-FS更适合于评估抑郁症状（HAMD: SMD = 3.31, 95% CI = [1.86, 4.75], p < 0.001; BDI-FS: SMD = 1.22, 95% CI = [-0.18, 2.62], p = 0.09）。样本采集时间是高异质性的来源（1天内样本采集时间亚组：I2 = 17%, p < 0.001）。结论：脑卒中急性期外周血IL-6浓度升高与PSD发生风险密切相关；建议在中风发作后1天内采集样本，出院后评估抑郁程度。
{"title":"Association Between Peripheral IL-6 Levels in the Acute Stage of Stroke and Poststroke Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hongmin Gong, Jiaqin Yuan, Min Li, Deqi Xiong, Fayang Ling, Mei Liu, Yan Hu, Shouqiang Wang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been reported to be associated with depression; however, whether higher peripheral levels of IL-6 are associated with poststroke depression (PSD) remains controversial. To date, correlative meta-analyses of the relationship between IL-6 levels and PSD are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a comprehensive search of databases to explore qualified studies reporting IL-6 levels in the acute phase of stroke and PSD before November 2024. The standard mean deviation (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to detect differences in peripheral IL-6 concentrations between PSD patients and non-PSD patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 22 studies including 4928 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that PSD patients had significantly higher peripheral IL-6 levels in the acute phase of stroke than non-PSD patients did (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.42-0.90). Higher IL-6 levels were detected in patients with PSD than in non-PSD patients whether the assessment of depressive symptoms was conducted within 3 months or later, but not at the time of discharge (at discharge: SMD = 1.76, 95% CI: -0.42-3.94, p = 0.11; ≤ 3 months: SMD = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.50-4.12, p < 0.001; > 3 months: SMD = 3.17, 95% CI: 0.62-5.71, p < 0.05). The result of serum for measuring peripheral IL-6 concentration was significant (SMD = 3.17, 95% CI = [1.63, 4.72], p < 0.001); however, plasma was not (SMD = 3.14, 95% CI = [-0.13, 6.40], p = 0.06). In addition, HAMD seemed to be more suitable for evaluating depressive symptoms than BDI-FS (HAMD: SMD = 3.31, 95% CI = [1.86, 4.75], p < 0.001; BDI-FS: SMD = 1.22, 95% CI = [-0.18, 2.62], p = 0.09). The sample collection time was the source of high heterogeneity (the subgroup of sample collection time within 1 day: I<sup>2</sup> = 17%, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher peripheral IL-6 concentrations in the acute stage of stroke are closely related to the risk of PSD; collecting samples within 1 day after stroke onset and evaluating depression post discharge are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":"e71207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to \"Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the College Academic Perfectionism Scale (CAPS)\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":"e71160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146141241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Detecting novel environmental events is a fundamental survival mechanism, enabling organisms to identify and respond to salient changes. This function can operate in at least two broad modes, differing in task demands: active and passive novelty processing. Active processing involves explicitly recognizing novel or deviant stimuli and engaging goal-directed, top-down attentional control and memory-related systems. In contrast, passive processing is driven primarily by bottom-up attentional reorienting and does not necessarily require an explicit response or conscious evaluation. The present study asked whether these two modes recruit a shared neural architecture across task demands.
Methods: We conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) across fMRI studies of active and passive novelty processing. Conjunction and subtraction analyses were performed on the resulting ALE maps to identify common and distinct neural substrates associated with each mode of novelty processing.
Results: The conjunction analysis revealed a core novelty-responsive network encompassing the bilateral medial temporal lobes (MTLs), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and medial frontal regions. Subtraction analyses further identified task-dependent specializations: studies of active novelty processing showed greater spatial convergence in the left precentral gyrus, left IFG, right MTL, and medial frontal areas, whereas studies of passive processing showed greater convergence in the left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral MTL, and right IFG.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that active and passive conditions share a common novelty-responsive network but differentially weight its components, reflecting distinct cognitive and attentional demands imposed by the explicit versus incidental processing of novel events.
{"title":"The Neural Blueprint of Novelty: A Meta-Analytic Dissection of Active and Passive Novelty Processing Networks.","authors":"Ern Wong, Gianluca Sesso, Irene Sánchez Rodríguez, Jordi Manuello, Pietro Pietrini","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Detecting novel environmental events is a fundamental survival mechanism, enabling organisms to identify and respond to salient changes. This function can operate in at least two broad modes, differing in task demands: active and passive novelty processing. Active processing involves explicitly recognizing novel or deviant stimuli and engaging goal-directed, top-down attentional control and memory-related systems. In contrast, passive processing is driven primarily by bottom-up attentional reorienting and does not necessarily require an explicit response or conscious evaluation. The present study asked whether these two modes recruit a shared neural architecture across task demands.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) across fMRI studies of active and passive novelty processing. Conjunction and subtraction analyses were performed on the resulting ALE maps to identify common and distinct neural substrates associated with each mode of novelty processing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The conjunction analysis revealed a core novelty-responsive network encompassing the bilateral medial temporal lobes (MTLs), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and medial frontal regions. Subtraction analyses further identified task-dependent specializations: studies of active novelty processing showed greater spatial convergence in the left precentral gyrus, left IFG, right MTL, and medial frontal areas, whereas studies of passive processing showed greater convergence in the left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral MTL, and right IFG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that active and passive conditions share a common novelty-responsive network but differentially weight its components, reflecting distinct cognitive and attentional demands imposed by the explicit versus incidental processing of novel events.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 2","pages":"e71221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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