Prevalence and functional impact of chronotropic incompetence in amyloid cardiomyopathy: a multicentre analysis.

Abstract

Background: Little evidence is available about heart rate (HR) response to exercise as well as its relationship with functional capacity in amyloid cardiomyopathy. Then, in a multicentre cohort of patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy, we investigated the prevalence of chronotropic incompetence (CI) and its relationships with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables.

Methods: Data from 172 outpatients with amyloid cardiomyopathy who performed a maximal CPET and who had no significant rhythm disorders were analysed.

Results: The prevalence of CI differed depending on the age-predicted peak HR (pHR%) cut-off value adopted, ranging from 16% to 59%. pHR% correlated non-linearly with peak oxygen uptake (pVO₂), either as expressed as a percentage of the maximum predicted or as mL/kg/min (p<0.001). Although to a lesser extent, pHR% correlated inversely with ventilatory efficiency (p<0.001). A pHR%≤75% resulted in the most accurate cut-off value in identifying a moderate-to-severe exercise impairment (sensitivity 72%; specificity 73%; area under the curve 77.2%).

Conclusions: CI is prevalent in patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy in sinus rhythm, its percentage varying according to the pHR% cut-off value. A blunted exercise-induced HR response correlated with a poor exercise capacity even in this setting of patients, a pHR%≤75% cut-off value being possibly useful in centres without CPET availability to identify a significant exercise impairment.