Synthesis, physical, structure, mechanical and ionizing radiation shielding properties of some bismuth-based alloys: Comparative investigation

Abstract

Due to the harmful effects of X-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and heavy charged ions (such as protons and alpha particles) caused by radiation exposure, scientific investigation is still needed to find and develop materials that can act as radiation shields. Four Bi-based alloys (Bi–10Zn, Bi–10Sn, Bi–10In and Bi–10Ag) have been prepared utilizing melt-spinning technique. These alloys were composed of high purity elements such as Bi, Zn, Sn, In and Ag. Utilizing X-ray diffraction, the crystal structure of the prepared alloys was examined. The mechanical features in terms of Vickers hardness Hv and the creep behavior have been determined using Vickers microhardness test machine for the prepared alloys. The rapid solidification process had positive effects on the Vickers hardness Hv of the alloys due to several factors, including the refinement of grain size, enhanced alloy homogeneity, elimination of grain boundary segregation, increased solubility of solute elements, and the formation of new metastable crystalline structures, as well as a reduction in the degree of order. The WinXCom program was used to evaluate the shielding efficiency of various Bi-alloys against X/gamma radiation in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. Compared to other typical shielding materials and recently researched substances, the studied alloys demonstrate effective gamma shielding properties. The Sn–50Ag alloy exhibit superior mechanical and shielding against gamma rays performance. Consequently, the Bi–10Ag alloy strike a favorable balance between shielding and mechanical performance, making them suitable for radiation protection. Additionally, when compared to all other prepared alloys, conventional neutron shielding materials, and recently studied substances, the Bi–10Zn and Bi–10Ag alloys possesses the highest capability for absorbing neutrons. Lastly, the Bi–10Ag alloy demonstrates exceptional performance in attenuating protons (H⁺¹) and alpha particles (He⁺²) in terms of projected range (PR) and stopping power (MSP). These findings indicate that the Bi–10Ag alloy offer excellent nuclear shielding and mechanical performance, making it well-suited for various applications, including nuclear waste storage, industrial processes, and medical applications.