Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112527
Mahdi Mansour, Mohamed Trari
In this contribution, we investigate the structural and mechanical properties of PTFE films subjected to different exposure times under UV-C rays ranging from 100 to 500 h. The Raman analyses indicate that the UV-C irradiation of PTFE for 100 and 200 h produces structural disorder with a lattice distortion detected particularly after an exposure time of 100 h, which primarily arises from the polymer chain scission. An almost recovery of the initial structural characteristics occurs after 300 h of irradiation due to the rearrangement of polymeric chains which is more pronounced for higher exposure times. The ATR-FTIR spectra showed that the absorption by the amorphous phase is higher after UV-C irradiation during 100 h and starts to decrease over the exposure time in the series of 200, 300, 400 and 500 h due to structural rearrangement which in turn reduces the amorphous content. The XRD analyses showed again that the irradiation during 100 and 200 h induces structural disorder with a lattice distortion produced after an exposure time of 100 h, in agreement with the Raman data. Moreover, the impact of UV-C rays on mechanical properties (hardness) of PTFE films have been better checked by the micro and nanoindentation experiment. It is found that the hardness is correlated with the structural properties. In particular, the hardness of PTFE is enhanced after UV-C irradiation for 100 and 200 h due to the enhancement of its toughness caused by the structural disorder. Further increase in the exposure time produces softening of PTFE due to the structural rearrangement. Overall, it is concluded from the present study that depending on the UV-C irradiation time of PTFE, the processes behind the induced changes are reversible.
{"title":"Structural and mechanical properties of UV-C irradiated polytetrafluoroethylene films","authors":"Mahdi Mansour, Mohamed Trari","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112527","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution, we investigate the structural and mechanical properties of PTFE films subjected to different exposure times under UV-C rays ranging from 100 to 500 h. The Raman analyses indicate that the UV-C irradiation of PTFE for 100 and 200 h produces structural disorder with a lattice distortion detected particularly after an exposure time of 100 h, which primarily arises from the polymer chain scission. An almost recovery of the initial structural characteristics occurs after 300 h of irradiation due to the rearrangement of polymeric chains which is more pronounced for higher exposure times. The ATR-FTIR spectra showed that the absorption by the amorphous phase is higher after UV-C irradiation during 100 h and starts to decrease over the exposure time in the series of 200, 300, 400 and 500 h due to structural rearrangement which in turn reduces the amorphous content. The XRD analyses showed again that the irradiation during 100 and 200 h induces structural disorder with a lattice distortion produced after an exposure time of 100 h, in agreement with the Raman data. Moreover, the impact of UV-C rays on mechanical properties (hardness) of PTFE films have been better checked by the micro and nanoindentation experiment. It is found that the hardness is correlated with the structural properties. In particular, the hardness of PTFE is enhanced after UV-C irradiation for 100 and 200 h due to the enhancement of its toughness caused by the structural disorder. Further increase in the exposure time produces softening of PTFE due to the structural rearrangement. Overall, it is concluded from the present study that depending on the UV-C irradiation time of PTFE, the processes behind the induced changes are reversible.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112523
Khaled Alenazi, Haitham Alahmad, Salman Albeshan, Meshari Almeshari, Ahmad Abanomy
CT KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) is the gold standard for evaluating urinary disorders. Known for its diagnostic accuracy, CT KUB is crucial for detecting renal stones. However, high radiation doses require accurate dose estimation methods to ensure safety and effectiveness in clinical practice. This study evaluates and studies the correlation in size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) for CT KUB based on effective (Deff) and water-equivalent (Dw) diameters. SSDE values based on Deff and Dw were calculated for 254 patients who underwent CT KUB examinations using IndoseCT software. Patients were categorized into three groups based on body size diameters: <30, 30–35, and >35 cm. The average SSDE values for Deff and Dw were determined, and their correlation was analyzed using linear regression. The mean SSDEeff and SSDEw were 10.47 mGy and 10.55 mGy, respectively. As body size increased, CTDIvol and DLP values rose by 1.6 and 1.5 times, respectively, from thinner to thicker patients. A strong positive correlation between Deff and Dw (R2 = 0.9567) was observed, with minimal differences between average values of SSDEeff and SSDEw. These findings suggest that water-equivalent and effective diameters are comparable for CT KUB scans, allowing clinicians to use either metric for radiation dose estimation. CTDIvol significantly underestimates radiation dose in smaller patients, emphasizing the importance of using SSDEeff or SSDEw for accurate dose assessment.
{"title":"Size specific dose estimates for adult patients in CT of the Kidney, Ureters, and Bladder (KUB) based on effective diameter and water equivalent diameter","authors":"Khaled Alenazi, Haitham Alahmad, Salman Albeshan, Meshari Almeshari, Ahmad Abanomy","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112523","url":null,"abstract":"CT KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) is the gold standard for evaluating urinary disorders. Known for its diagnostic accuracy, CT KUB is crucial for detecting renal stones. However, high radiation doses require accurate dose estimation methods to ensure safety and effectiveness in clinical practice. This study evaluates and studies the correlation in size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) for CT KUB based on effective (<ce:italic>D</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>eff</ce:italic></ce:inf>) and water-equivalent (<ce:italic>D</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>w</ce:italic></ce:inf>) diameters. SSDE values based on Deff and Dw were calculated for 254 patients who underwent CT KUB examinations using IndoseCT software. Patients were categorized into three groups based on body size diameters: <30, 30–35, and >35 cm. The average SSDE values for <ce:italic>D</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>eff</ce:italic></ce:inf> and <ce:italic>D</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>w</ce:italic></ce:inf> were determined, and their correlation was analyzed using linear regression. The mean SSDE<ce:inf loc=\"post\">eff</ce:inf> and SSDE<ce:inf loc=\"post\">w</ce:inf> were 10.47 mGy and 10.55 mGy, respectively. As body size increased, CTDI<ce:inf loc=\"post\">vol</ce:inf> and DLP values rose by 1.6 and 1.5 times, respectively, from thinner to thicker patients. A strong positive correlation between <ce:italic>D</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>eff</ce:italic></ce:inf> and <ce:italic>D</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>w</ce:italic></ce:inf> (R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> = 0.9567) was observed, with minimal differences between average values of SSDE<ce:inf loc=\"post\">eff</ce:inf> and SSDE<ce:inf loc=\"post\">w</ce:inf>. These findings suggest that water-equivalent and effective diameters are comparable for CT KUB scans, allowing clinicians to use either metric for radiation dose estimation. CTDI<ce:inf loc=\"post\">vol</ce:inf> significantly underestimates radiation dose in smaller patients, emphasizing the importance of using SSDE<ce:inf loc=\"post\">eff</ce:inf> or SSDE<ce:inf loc=\"post\">w</ce:inf> for accurate dose assessment.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112519
Ramazan Lok, Muhsin U. Doğan, Senol Kaya, Ugur Soykan, Cabir Terzioğlu
This study examines the effects of Co-60 gamma irradiation on the structural, chemical, optical, and electrical properties of p-NiO/n-Si heterojunction diodes. Various characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–Vis reflectance measurements, and electrical current-voltage (I–V) analysis were used to evaluate the changes caused by radiation. The XRD analysis showed that higher radiation doses caused shifts and broadening in the diffraction peak positions, which indicated a reduction in stress and an increase in grain size in the irradiated films. FTIR spectra revealed the weakening of Ni–O–Si bonds, as well as the emergence of Ni–O and Si–O stretching vibrations, particularly in film structures exposed to higher doses. Optical analyses demonstrated a decrease in bandgap energy values to 3.40 eV, 3.36 eV, and 3.34 eV due to the band tailing effect related to radiation-induced defects. Electrical measurements indicated a decrease in sheet resistance from 78.4 Ω/sq to 64.4 Ω/sq, changes in the diode's rectification behavior, and an increase in barrier height from 0.79 eV to 0.87 eV with higher radiation doses, while the ideality factor increased from 1.64 to 1.83. These findings highlight the significant effects of gamma irradiation on the structural and electronic properties of heterojunction diode materials and provide valuable insights for the design of radiation-resistant semiconductor devices.
{"title":"Gamma radiation-induced modifications in structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of p-NiO/n-Si heterojunction diodes","authors":"Ramazan Lok, Muhsin U. Doğan, Senol Kaya, Ugur Soykan, Cabir Terzioğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112519","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effects of Co-60 gamma irradiation on the structural, chemical, optical, and electrical properties of <ce:italic>p</ce:italic>-NiO/n-Si heterojunction diodes. Various characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction <ce:italic>(XRD)</ce:italic>, Fourier Transform Infrared <ce:italic>(FTIR)</ce:italic> spectroscopy, <ce:italic>UV–Vis</ce:italic> reflectance measurements, and electrical current-voltage <ce:italic>(I–V)</ce:italic> analysis were used to evaluate the changes caused by radiation. The XRD analysis showed that higher radiation doses caused shifts and broadening in the diffraction peak positions, which indicated a reduction in stress and an increase in grain size in the irradiated films. <ce:italic>FTIR</ce:italic> spectra revealed the weakening of <ce:italic>Ni–O–Si</ce:italic> bonds, as well as the emergence of <ce:italic>Ni–O</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Si–O</ce:italic> stretching vibrations, particularly in film structures exposed to higher doses. Optical analyses demonstrated a decrease in bandgap energy values to 3.40 eV, 3.36 eV, and 3.34 eV due to the band tailing effect related to radiation-induced defects. Electrical measurements indicated a decrease in sheet resistance from 78.4 Ω/sq to 64.4 Ω/sq, changes in the diode's rectification behavior, and an increase in barrier height from 0.79 eV to 0.87 eV with higher radiation doses, while the ideality factor increased from 1.64 to 1.83. These findings highlight the significant effects of gamma irradiation on the structural and electronic properties of heterojunction diode materials and provide valuable insights for the design of radiation-resistant semiconductor devices.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air kerma rate constant (Γδ) of a Cs137 source was evaluated in two different manners: (a) by calculation based on fluence-to-kerma conversion coefficient and (b) by measurements by different ionization chambers. Comparison between Γδ values of the Cs137 source, obtained from these two methods, shows the consistence within 0.5%. The combined standard uncertainties of these Γδ values (uΓδ) were also investigated, which were found as less than 2.0% and less than 6.0% for calculated and measured values, respectively. These Γδ values were also compared with those from published data.
{"title":"Determination of [formula omitted] source air kerma rate constant","authors":"Ngoc-Thiem LE, Tien-Hung Dinh, Minh-Cong Nguyen, Ngoc-Quynh Nguyen, Tuan-Anh Le, Van-Loat Bui, Thi-Dung Nguyen, Ngoc-Anh Nguyen, Hoai-Nam Tran, Thi-Minh-Thu Hoang, Thu-Trang Ngo, Thi-May Nguyen, Thi-Luyen Pham, Thi-My-Duyen Nguyen, Thi-Nga Dao, Lam-Oanh Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112518","url":null,"abstract":"Air kerma rate constant (<mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Γ</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">δ</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>) of a <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mtext>Cs</mml:mtext><mml:mprescripts></mml:mprescripts><mml:none></mml:none><mml:mn>137</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> source was evaluated in two different manners: (a) by calculation based on fluence-to-kerma conversion coefficient and (b) by measurements by different ionization chambers. Comparison between <mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Γ</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">δ</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> values of the <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mtext>Cs</mml:mtext><mml:mprescripts></mml:mprescripts><mml:none></mml:none><mml:mn>137</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> source, obtained from these two methods, shows the consistence within 0.5%. The combined standard uncertainties of these <mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Γ</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">δ</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> values (<mml:math altimg=\"si3.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">u</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Γ</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">δ</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>) were also investigated, which were found as less than 2.0% and less than 6.0% for calculated and measured values, respectively. These <mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Γ</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">δ</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> values were also compared with those from published data.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112507
Yue Qi, Marco Drache, Uwe Gohs, Maik Gude, Kathrin Harre, Oliver Höfft, Xiuqin Zhang
Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) grafted linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films were prepared via pre-treatment method. The non-polar LLDPE films were activated by low-energy electron beam (EB) treatment in vacuum and air at room temperature. The influence of the atmosphere during the EB activation of LLDPE films at fixed dose rate and dose per pass on the grafting process at room temperature were studied at well-selected grafting conditions. Non-polar LLDPE and polar HEMA were selected due to their significant differences in polarity and surface energy. After identification of the optimum atmosphere during low-energy EB activation of LLDPE films, the influence of well-known grafting parameters such as temperature and solvent was studied. The grafting effect of the EB pre-treatment method was investigated by the Relative Grafting Yield (RGY), the static contact angle measurement, the Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis.
{"title":"Graft copolymerization of HEMA on LLDPE films activated by low-energy electrons","authors":"Yue Qi, Marco Drache, Uwe Gohs, Maik Gude, Kathrin Harre, Oliver Höfft, Xiuqin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112507","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) grafted linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films were prepared via pre-treatment method. The non-polar LLDPE films were activated by low-energy electron beam (EB) treatment in vacuum and air at room temperature. The influence of the atmosphere during the EB activation of LLDPE films at fixed dose rate and dose per pass on the grafting process at room temperature were studied at well-selected grafting conditions. Non-polar LLDPE and polar HEMA were selected due to their significant differences in polarity and surface energy. After identification of the optimum atmosphere during low-energy EB activation of LLDPE films, the influence of well-known grafting parameters such as temperature and solvent was studied. The grafting effect of the EB pre-treatment method was investigated by the Relative Grafting Yield (RGY), the static contact angle measurement, the Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High entropy alloys (HEAs) are innovative materials combining multiple principal elements, known for their exceptional properties and wide-ranging applications. This study assesses the gamma-ray shielding capacity of twelve boron-based HEAs through advanced computational methods. Key parameters in terms of understanding the material's ability to reduce radiation intensity, specifically half-value layer (HVL) and tenth-value layer (TVL); its capacity to absorb or scatter photons, including mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC); and other related factors such as equivalent atomic number (Zeq), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), mean free path (MFP), and fast neutron removal cross-section (FNRCS) were calculated for photon energies between 0.015 and 15 MeV using the computational method Phy-X/PSD (Photon Shielding and Dosimetry). Additionally, the interaction of alpha particles and protons with these alloys was assessed by calculating energy deposition KERMA (Kinetic Energy Released per Unit Mass) and mass stopping power (MSP) using PAGEX (interaction of protons, alpha, gamma rays, electrons, and X-rays with matter) software, while SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) was employed to estimate particle penetration depths. Electron interactions were evaluated using ESTAR (Stopping Power and Range Tables for Electrons) for stopping power and penetration depth. Among the alloys, Sample 10, S10, (Zr10.8%-Hf21.3%-Nb11.0%-Ta21.6%-W22.0%-B13.1%) exhibited efficient shielding properties due to its high density and interaction characteristics. It can be concluded that boron-based HEAs with optimized compositions and high densities demonstrate significant potential for advanced radiation protection applications.
{"title":"Exploring the gamma-ray shielding performance of boron-rich high entropy alloys","authors":"Hatice Yilmaz Alan, Omer Guler, Ayberk Yilmaz, Lidya Amon Susam, Esra Kavaz, Gokhan Kilic, Erkan Ilik, Sener Oktik, Baki Akkus, Ghada ALMisned, H.O. Tekin","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112512","url":null,"abstract":"High entropy alloys (HEAs) are innovative materials combining multiple principal elements, known for their exceptional properties and wide-ranging applications. This study assesses the gamma-ray shielding capacity of twelve boron-based HEAs through advanced computational methods. Key parameters in terms of understanding the material's ability to reduce radiation intensity, specifically half-value layer (HVL) and tenth-value layer (TVL); its capacity to absorb or scatter photons, including mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC); and other related factors such as equivalent atomic number (Z<ce:inf loc=\"post\">eq</ce:inf>), effective atomic number (Z<ce:inf loc=\"post\">eff</ce:inf>), effective electron density (N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">eff</ce:inf>), mean free path (MFP), and fast neutron removal cross-section (FNRCS) were calculated for photon energies between 0.015 and 15 MeV using the computational method Phy-X/PSD (Photon Shielding and Dosimetry). Additionally, the interaction of alpha particles and protons with these alloys was assessed by calculating energy deposition KERMA (Kinetic Energy Released per Unit Mass) and mass stopping power (MSP) using PAGEX (interaction of protons, alpha, gamma rays, electrons, and X-rays with matter) software, while SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) was employed to estimate particle penetration depths. Electron interactions were evaluated using ESTAR (Stopping Power and Range Tables for Electrons) for stopping power and penetration depth. Among the alloys, Sample 10, S10, (Zr10.8%-Hf21.3%-Nb11.0%-Ta21.6%-W22.0%-B13.1%) exhibited efficient shielding properties due to its high density and interaction characteristics. It can be concluded that boron-based HEAs with optimized compositions and high densities demonstrate significant potential for advanced radiation protection applications.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112516
Daqian Hei, Enkang Luo, Jiatong Li, Wenbao Jia, Can Cheng, Pingkun Cai, Lian Chen, Yajun Tang, Zhen Li
Prompt gamma ray activation analysis (PGAA) is a powerful non-destructive analytical method for bulk chemical composition. The prompt gamma ray spectra usually contain lots of peaks, and the measuring accuracy is often affected by the overlapping peaks and interference from neutron self-shielding effect, especially for filed application with a scintillator detector. Qualitative and quantitative analyses can only be performed by reliable spectra analytical approach. In this work, a new spectrum analysis method, which based on the elemental library spectra together with the neutron self-shielding correction model, is investigated for bulk sample determination. Based on the corrected measured spectra of complex samples after neutron self-shielding correction, the Standard Single Element Response Spectra (SSERS) are calculated for establishing the elemental library. For investigating the feasibility of the mentioned method, the method was applied for element detection of aqueous solutions containing chlorine (Cl), boron (B), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg), with a designed PGAA detection system. The results indicate that the new spectra analytical method is efficient for bulk sample determination and accurate for the elemental analysis for aqueous solutions under the present experimental conditions.
{"title":"Research on the Standard Single Element Response Spectrum (SSERS) method for bulk samples determination with PGAA technology","authors":"Daqian Hei, Enkang Luo, Jiatong Li, Wenbao Jia, Can Cheng, Pingkun Cai, Lian Chen, Yajun Tang, Zhen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112516","url":null,"abstract":"Prompt gamma ray activation analysis (PGAA) is a powerful non-destructive analytical method for bulk chemical composition. The prompt gamma ray spectra usually contain lots of peaks, and the measuring accuracy is often affected by the overlapping peaks and interference from neutron self-shielding effect, especially for filed application with a scintillator detector. Qualitative and quantitative analyses can only be performed by reliable spectra analytical approach. In this work, a new spectrum analysis method, which based on the elemental library spectra together with the neutron self-shielding correction model, is investigated for bulk sample determination. Based on the corrected measured spectra of complex samples after neutron self-shielding correction, the Standard Single Element Response Spectra (SSERS) are calculated for establishing the elemental library. For investigating the feasibility of the mentioned method, the method was applied for element detection of aqueous solutions containing chlorine (Cl), boron (B), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg), with a designed PGAA detection system. The results indicate that the new spectra analytical method is efficient for bulk sample determination and accurate for the elemental analysis for aqueous solutions under the present experimental conditions.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of gamma radiation on N-phenyl anthranilic acid (NPAA) crystals is examined, with an emphasis on their structural and optical properties. NPAA crystals were synthesized and exposed to varying gamma radiation doses (0 kGy, 1 kGy, 5 kGy, 10 kGy, and 15 kGy). Structural and optical modifications induced by radiation were examined using advanced characterization techniques, including Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient was measured to be 8.42 × 10−10 cm/W before gamma radiation exposure (0 kGy) and 1.26 × 10−9 cm/W after exposure to 15 kGy of gamma radiation. Similarly, the third-order nonlinear refractive index was determined to be 3.47 × 10−17 cm2/W before exposure and 3.89 × 10−14 cm2/W post-exposure. These results reveal a substantial enhancement in the third-order nonlinear optical properties of the crystal post-gamma radiation exposure, indicating its promising potential for the development of radiation-resistant materials for advanced optoelectronic, laser, and scintillation applications, etc.
{"title":"Influence of gamma-ray irradiation on the structural, optical, and non-linear optical properties of N-phenyl anthranilic acid single crystal","authors":"Vinod, Sachin Yadav, Kaphi, Kiran, Sanyam Jain, Aditya Yadav, Anuj Krishna, N. Vijayan, Govind Gupta, Geetanjali Sehgal","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112514","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of gamma radiation on N-phenyl anthranilic acid (NPAA) crystals is examined, with an emphasis on their structural and optical properties. NPAA crystals were synthesized and exposed to varying gamma radiation doses (0 kGy, 1 kGy, 5 kGy, 10 kGy, and 15 kGy). Structural and optical modifications induced by radiation were examined using advanced characterization techniques, including Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient was measured to be 8.42 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−10</ce:sup> cm/W before gamma radiation exposure (0 kGy) and 1.26 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−9</ce:sup> cm/W after exposure to 15 kGy of gamma radiation. Similarly, the third-order nonlinear refractive index was determined to be 3.47 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−17</ce:sup> cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/W before exposure and 3.89 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−14</ce:sup> cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/W post-exposure. These results reveal a substantial enhancement in the third-order nonlinear optical properties of the crystal post-gamma radiation exposure, indicating its promising potential for the development of radiation-resistant materials for advanced optoelectronic, laser, and scintillation applications, etc.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112517
Abely E. Mwakuna, C. Laxmikanth, R.K.N.R. Manepalli
Aluminium potassium bismuth borate (ACKB) glasses with the composition 63.8B2O3–15Bi2O3–20K2O-(1.2-y)Al2O3-yCuO (where y = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 mol%) were synthesized via the melt-quenching method to study the impact of substituting Al2O3 with CuO on their structural, optical, thermal, mechanical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed their amorphous nature, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified structural units present in the glass matrix. Substituting Al2O3 with CuO increased glass density and reduced molar volume due to a decrease in boron-boron distance. Structural analysis revealed a transition from BO3 to BO4 units at 0.3 mol% CuO, associated with the formation of distorted CuO6 units. At 0.6 mol% CuO, there was a slight increase in B–O–B linkages and CuO4 units, but higher CuO concentrations led to a reduction in B–O–B linkages. The optical band gap decreased at 0.3 mol% CuO, followed by a slight increase at 0.6 mol%, and then declined further due to depolymerization. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated a decrease in glass transition temperature with increasing CuO content, attributed to a reduction in B–O–B linkages. Mechanical properties, modeled using the Makishima-Mackenzie theory, showed improvements in microhardness and elastic moduli with the substitution of Al2O3 by CuO. Gamma-ray attenuation, evaluated using Phy-X/PSD and XCOM software, increased with higher CuO content. Among the investigated compositions, the glass sample with 0.6 mol% CuO demonstrated slightly lower gamma-ray attenuation than the 1.2 mol% CuO sample. However, its remarkable thermal stability, reflected by a higher glass transition temperature (328.845 °C compared to 324.092 °C), makes it a highly promising candidate for gamma-ray shielding applications, particularly at 0.662 MeV, where a balance between thermal stability and mechanical strength is critical.
{"title":"Impact of substituting Al2O3 with CuO on the structural, optical, thermal, mechanical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties of B2O3–Bi2O3–K2O–Al2O3 glass system","authors":"Abely E. Mwakuna, C. Laxmikanth, R.K.N.R. Manepalli","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112517","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium potassium bismuth borate (ACKB) glasses with the composition 63.8B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>–15Bi<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>–20K<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O-(1.2-<ce:italic>y</ce:italic>)Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-<ce:italic>y</ce:italic>CuO (where <ce:italic>y</ce:italic> = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 mol%) were synthesized via the melt-quenching method to study the impact of substituting Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> with CuO on their structural, optical, thermal, mechanical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed their amorphous nature, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified structural units present in the glass matrix. Substituting Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> with CuO increased glass density and reduced molar volume due to a decrease in boron-boron distance. Structural analysis revealed a transition from BO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> to BO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> units at 0.3 mol% CuO, associated with the formation of distorted CuO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">6</ce:inf> units. At 0.6 mol% CuO, there was a slight increase in B–O–B linkages and CuO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> units, but higher CuO concentrations led to a reduction in B–O–B linkages. The optical band gap decreased at 0.3 mol% CuO, followed by a slight increase at 0.6 mol%, and then declined further due to depolymerization. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated a decrease in glass transition temperature with increasing CuO content, attributed to a reduction in B–O–B linkages. Mechanical properties, modeled using the Makishima-Mackenzie theory, showed improvements in microhardness and elastic moduli with the substitution of Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> by CuO. Gamma-ray attenuation, evaluated using Phy-X/PSD and XCOM software, increased with higher CuO content. Among the investigated compositions, the glass sample with 0.6 mol% CuO demonstrated slightly lower gamma-ray attenuation than the 1.2 mol% CuO sample. However, its remarkable thermal stability, reflected by a higher glass transition temperature (328.845 °C compared to 324.092 °C), makes it a highly promising candidate for gamma-ray shielding applications, particularly at 0.662 MeV, where a balance between thermal stability and mechanical strength is critical.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112510
Abdelmoneim Saleh, Nermin Ali Abdelhakim
Due to the harmful effects of X-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and heavy charged ions (such as protons and alpha particles) caused by radiation exposure, scientific investigation is still needed to find and develop materials that can act as radiation shields. Four Bi-based alloys (Bi–10Zn, Bi–10Sn, Bi–10In and Bi–10Ag) have been prepared utilizing melt-spinning technique. These alloys were composed of high purity elements such as Bi, Zn, Sn, In and Ag. Utilizing X-ray diffraction, the crystal structure of the prepared alloys was examined. The mechanical features in terms of Vickers hardness Hv and the creep behavior have been determined using Vickers microhardness test machine for the prepared alloys. The rapid solidification process had positive effects on the Vickers hardness Hv of the alloys due to several factors, including the refinement of grain size, enhanced alloy homogeneity, elimination of grain boundary segregation, increased solubility of solute elements, and the formation of new metastable crystalline structures, as well as a reduction in the degree of order. The WinXCom program was used to evaluate the shielding efficiency of various Bi-alloys against X/gamma radiation in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. Compared to other typical shielding materials and recently researched substances, the studied alloys demonstrate effective gamma shielding properties. The Sn–50Ag alloy exhibit superior mechanical and shielding against gamma rays performance. Consequently, the Bi–10Ag alloy strike a favorable balance between shielding and mechanical performance, making them suitable for radiation protection. Additionally, when compared to all other prepared alloys, conventional neutron shielding materials, and recently studied substances, the Bi–10Zn and Bi–10Ag alloys possesses the highest capability for absorbing neutrons. Lastly, the Bi–10Ag alloy demonstrates exceptional performance in attenuating protons (H+1) and alpha particles (He+2) in terms of projected range (PR) and stopping power (MSP). These findings indicate that the Bi–10Ag alloy offer excellent nuclear shielding and mechanical performance, making it well-suited for various applications, including nuclear waste storage, industrial processes, and medical applications.
{"title":"Synthesis, physical, structure, mechanical and ionizing radiation shielding properties of some bismuth-based alloys: Comparative investigation","authors":"Abdelmoneim Saleh, Nermin Ali Abdelhakim","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112510","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the harmful effects of X-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and heavy charged ions (such as protons and alpha particles) caused by radiation exposure, scientific investigation is still needed to find and develop materials that can act as radiation shields. Four Bi-based alloys (Bi–10Zn, Bi–10Sn, Bi–10In and Bi–10Ag) have been prepared utilizing melt-spinning technique. These alloys were composed of high purity elements such as Bi, Zn, Sn, In and Ag. Utilizing X-ray diffraction, the crystal structure of the prepared alloys was examined. The mechanical features in terms of Vickers hardness Hv and the creep behavior have been determined using Vickers microhardness test machine for the prepared alloys. The rapid solidification process had positive effects on the Vickers hardness Hv of the alloys due to several factors, including the refinement of grain size, enhanced alloy homogeneity, elimination of grain boundary segregation, increased solubility of solute elements, and the formation of new metastable crystalline structures, as well as a reduction in the degree of order. The WinXCom program was used to evaluate the shielding efficiency of various Bi-alloys against X/gamma radiation in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. Compared to other typical shielding materials and recently researched substances, the studied alloys demonstrate effective gamma shielding properties. The Sn–50Ag alloy exhibit superior mechanical and shielding against gamma rays performance. Consequently, the Bi–10Ag alloy strike a favorable balance between shielding and mechanical performance, making them suitable for radiation protection. Additionally, when compared to all other prepared alloys, conventional neutron shielding materials, and recently studied substances, the Bi–10Zn and Bi–10Ag alloys possesses the highest capability for absorbing neutrons. Lastly, the Bi–10Ag alloy demonstrates exceptional performance in attenuating protons (H<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+1</ce:sup>) and alpha particles (He<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+2</ce:sup>) in terms of projected range (PR) and stopping power (MSP). These findings indicate that the Bi–10Ag alloy offer excellent nuclear shielding and mechanical performance, making it well-suited for various applications, including nuclear waste storage, industrial processes, and medical applications.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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