Effects of wheat straw mulching and wet treatment on soil improvement, greenhouse gas emission, nitrogen leaching, and vegetable yield

IF 5.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Horticultural Plant Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI:10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.018
Zhiping Zhang, Jin Yan, Xueshuang Gao, Zijian Zheng, Li Xu, Zihui Zhu, Jiezeng Jiang, Minmin Miao
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Abstract

Plastic tunnels are a crucial tool used for intensive vegetable production in developing countries, however these tunnels have resulted in significant soil degradation. Another issue that the agriculture industry is facing is that an excess of crop straw is produced every year. This paper aims to combat both of these issues by combining them: to relieve soil degradation and consume crop straw, six treatments of three wheat straw quantities (0, 5,000 and 10 000 kg · hm−2) and two soil moisture levels (wet and submergence) were evaluated during two-month high-temperature summers to explore the possibility of applying straw mulching to improve degraded soil in plastic tunnels. Greenhouse gas emission and nitrogen leaching, which are two other significant problems with using intensive vegetable tunnels, were also investigated. Compared to the no straw mulching and wet treatment, the net global warming potential, available nitrogen, nitrogen leaching, and N2O emissions from subsequent crop fields decreased by 389.59%, 21.2%, 45.9%, and 41.5%, respectively. The soil-available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, activities of urease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase, and yields of cucumber and tomato increased by 2%, 79.6%, 75.3%, 51.4%, 92.5%, 32.8%, 122.1%, 152.5%, 103.9%, 102%, 88.6%, 19% and 13%, respectively, in the 10 000 kg straw and wet treatment. According to the 15N-site preference value, nitrification was the dominant pathway for N2O production in the field, and its contribution was enhanced by straw mulching and weakened by submergence. Considering all factors, no significant advantage was found for submergence compared with wet treatment, while treatment with 10 000 kg of straw showed remarkable improvement over the treatment with 5,000 kg of straw. We conclude that applying 10 000 kg of wheat straw in conjunction with the wet treatment during the summer fallow period has wide application potential to improve degraded soil, alleviate secondary salinization and nitrogen leaching, and consume crop straw without increasing net global warming potential.
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小麦秸秆覆盖加湿处理对土壤改良、温室气体排放、氮淋失和蔬菜产量的影响
塑料隧道是发展中国家蔬菜集约化生产的重要工具,但这些隧道造成了严重的土壤退化。农业面临的另一个问题是每年生产的农作物秸秆过剩。为了缓解土壤退化和消耗农作物秸秆,本研究在两个月的高温夏季评估了三种小麦秸秆量(0,5,000和10,000 kg·hm−2)和两种土壤水分水平(潮湿和淹没)的六种处理,以探索使用秸秆覆盖改善塑料隧道退化土壤的可能性。温室气体排放和氮淋失是集约化蔬菜隧道利用的另外两个主要问题。与无秸秆覆盖和湿处理相比,秸秆覆盖后农田的净全球变暖潜势、有效氮、氮淋溶和N2O排放量分别减少了389.59%、21.2%、45.9%和41.5%。土壤速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾、有机碳、微生物量碳、微生物量氮、脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性以及黄瓜和番茄产量分别比施用1万kg秸秆和湿处理提高了2%、79.6%、75.3%、51.4%、92.5%、32.8%、122.1%、152.5%、103.9%、102%、88.6%、19%和13%。从15n位点的偏好值来看,硝化作用是田间N2O生产的主要途径,秸秆覆盖增强了其贡献,淹水削弱了其贡献。综合考虑各因素,浸泡处理与湿处理相比无显著优势,而10000 kg秸秆处理比5000 kg秸秆处理有显著改善。综上所述,在夏季休耕期施用10 000 kg小麦秸秆配合湿法处理具有改善退化土壤、缓解二次盐碱化和氮淋失、消耗秸秆而不增加全球净变暖潜势的广阔应用潜力。
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来源期刊
Horticultural Plant Journal
Horticultural Plant Journal Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
14.00%
发文量
293
审稿时长
33 weeks
期刊介绍: Horticultural Plant Journal (HPJ) is an OPEN ACCESS international journal. HPJ publishes research related to all horticultural plants, including fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, tea plants, and medicinal plants, etc. The journal covers all aspects of horticultural crop sciences, including germplasm resources, genetics and breeding, tillage and cultivation, physiology and biochemistry, ecology, genomics, biotechnology, plant protection, postharvest processing, etc. Article types include Original research papers, Reviews, and Short communications.
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