An investigation of antiproliferative and antioxidant properties of crude extracts from Sedum nicaeense All. (Crassulaceae).

Abstract

This study evaluated the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Sedum nicaeense flowers and leaves. The MTT assay assessed cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer cells (Caco-2, HCT-116), breast cancer cells (T47D, MCF-7) and normal fibroblasts (MRC-5), while the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay measured antioxidant capacity. Essential oils from flowers and leaves were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methanolic and ethanolic flower extracts exhibited potent antiproliferative effects against HCT-116 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 8.62±9.21µg/mL and 17.41±9.54µg/mL, respectively. The methanolic leaf extract showed strong activity against T47D cells (IC₅₀: 27.33±6.43 µg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the flower's methanolic extract and the leaves' methanolic and ethanolic extracts was comparable to ascorbic acid. GC-MS analysis revealed isopropyl myristate (21.63%) as the main component in flower oil, while 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (18.09%) predominated in leaf oil. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of S. nicaeense, with significant antiproliferative and antioxidant effects. The study provides a foundation for further exploration of its extracts and essential oils as candidates for biomedical applications.