Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the potential ameliorating murine reproductive effects of herbal tea extracts against bisphenol A-induced (BPA) cytotoxicity. A comparative study was applied among red, green and blue teas in mice groups. Samples were coded as RTE, GTE and BTE groups, respectively. Several evaluations of murine reproductive were detected, such as diameters of uterine layers, pregnancy percentage, uterine, and offspring weights. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxytocin and cortisol were detected in plasma. The pregnancy percentage in the BTE + BPA group was 100% in the negative control group. The uterine weights of the mice groups with herbal teas ranged from 4.12g to 4.77 g. The offspring weights of litter from dams after exposure to BPA and various herbal teas ranged from 17.53g to 25.12 g and from 20.01 g to 28.19 g for females and males, respectively. The BPA toxicity exposure increased MDA levels to reach 19.18ng/ml in the BTE + BPA group as compared with the negative control group of 14.32ng/ml. The exposure to BPA toxins decreased the oxytocin level in the negative control group from 32.55ng/ml to 25.55ng/ml in the RTE + BPA group, while the cortisol levels reached 31.39ng/ml in the GTE + BPA group. The appearance of the luminal epithelial cells and endometrium in the BTE + BPA group was close to normal. It was indicated that herbal teas, particularly blue tea can be able to improve murine reproduction, while the harmful effects of BPA cannot entirely be mitigated.

In recent years, the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) has been on the rise, surgical procedures usually require the removal of part of gastric tissue connected with the tumor lesion, which leads to poor postoperative health and adverse prognosis in patients. Probiotics, as an active microorganism, play an important role in improving gastrointestinal function and enhancing immunity. In this study, we randomized 135 GC patients into a control group, a probiotic group and a combination group. All the study subjects were treated with radical GC resection in our hospital. Postoperatively, the control group was given routine treatment, the probiotic group received routine treatment + probiotics and the combined group was given routine treatment+ probiotics +Shenqi injection. Through research, we found that after the use of probiotics, the postoperative rehabilitation process of GC patients was significantly shortened compared to patients treated with conventional enteral nutrition suspension, the immune function and nutritional status were validly improved and the prognostic survival rate was increased. In addition, the CD4+, ALB, HGB, PA and TP of patients in the combination group were higher than those in the probiotic group (P<0.05), while CD4+/CD8+ were lower than those in the probiotic group (P<0.05).

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may mitigate the danger of increasing antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to determine the activities of catestatin, temporin A, nisin and cecropin A against Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285, Prevotella melaninogenica ATCC 25845, Cutibacterium acnes ATCC 6919, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius ATCC 27337 and Peptostreptococcus stomatis DSM 17678. strains. The susceptibility of all anaerobic bacteria was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, agar dilution and broth microdilution method, recommended by CLSI. By broth microdilution the MIC of temporin A for P. anaerobius was 500µg/mL, and MBC >500µg/mL. The MIC of nisin for P. melaninogenica was 200µg/mL, with a MBC of 400µg/mL, for C. acnes, P. anaerobius, and P. stomatis, MIC were 40mg/mL. The MIC of cecropin A for B. fragilis was 50µg/mL, MBC was 500µg/mL. For C. acnes, the MIC was 4µg/mL, MBC was 8µg/mL. The MIC for P. melaninogenica, P. anaerobius and P. stomatis were 8µg/mL, with corresponding MBC values of 16, 32 and 50µg/mL, respectively. Conversely, catestatin proved ineffective against all strains. In conclusion, our study, demonstrated that cecropin A and nisin showed promising results against anaerobic standard strains. We believe thatfurther research conducted to explore those AMPs could hold promise as a treatment option for anaerobic bacterial infections.

Atractylenolide I (ATL-I) can interfere with Colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation by changing apoptosis, glucose metabolism and other behaviors, making it an effective drug for inhibiting CRC tumor growth. In this paper, we investigated the interactions between ATL-I and Keratin 7 (KRT7), a CRC-specific marker, to determine the potential pathways by which ATL-I inhibits CRC development. The KRT7 expression level in CRC was predicted online using the GEPIA website and then validated. HCT-116 cells' proliferation and invasion ability were determined using MTT and Trans well assays and the apoptosis rate using flow cytometry. Glucose consumption, lactate and ATP production levels were measured in HCT-116 cells using appropriate kits. Created the subcutaneous graft tumor model and identified the ATL-I effect in vivo. KRT7 was highly increased in CRC cells, KRT7 knockdown and overexpression prevented and encouraged malignant biological processes, as well as glycolysis. ATL-I acts by inhibiting the expression of KRT7, which can greatly inhibit the formation of CRC transplantation tumors in nude mice. ATL-I can impede the malignant biological process and glycolysis of CRC cells by inhibiting KRT7 expression in vitro and in vivo.

During the active phase of ulcerative colitis (UC), mitochondrial autophagy is an important antagonistic mechanism. Our investigation examines the regulatory effect of Dima decoction on UC inflammation via the autophagy pathway. SD rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 10): normal control (NC) model, mesalazine, Dima decoction treatment and Dima decoction combined with YC-1 (inhibitor) group. Results showed that treatment of Dima decoction effectively ameliorated the symptoms of UC. Drug-containing serum from Dima decoction treated rats leads to an significantly increase in IL-4 and IL-10 content in HT-29 cells, while also causing a decrease in IL-1β and IL-6 content. Moreover, protein level and mRNA level of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1 were obviously up-regulated. In addition, protein level of LC3B II and the ratio of LC3B II/I were dramatically promoted after Dima decoction serum administration. The protein level of Bax was notably decreased in TH-29 cells after Dima decoction serum supplement, while that of Bcl-xl was remarkably up-regulated. In conclusion, Dima decoction significantly alleviated the symptoms of UC. The regulation could involve modulation of the hypoxia-inducible HIF-1 α/BNIP3/Buclin-1 pathways, leading to effects on mitochondrial autophagy and inflammation. These findings offer new insights into the mechanism of Dima decoction for treating UC.

Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) seriously affects patients' quality of life and faces clinical treatment dilemmas. The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shujin Tongluo Granules combined with orthopedic techniques in the treatment of CSR of the qi stagnation and blood stasis type. From 2022 to 2024, 96 CSR patients were selected and randomized into two groups. Both groups were treated with traditional Chinese medicine orthopedic manipulation treatment, the study group added Shujin Tongluo granules. Observe and analyse both groups' clinical outcomes, assess the improvement of symptoms, serum levels of pain factors and inflammatory factors and record the incidence of adverse reactions. After treatment, both groups of patients improved. Compared with the control group, the traditional Chinese medicine main symptom, visual analog scale, neck disability index scores, pain factors and inflammatory factors levels in study group patients decreased significantly, while the Japanese orthopaedic associationscores and regulatory oriented motion scores increased significantly. Comparing to control group, the study group had a more clinical treatment effect. Shujin Tongluo granules combined with orthopedic manipulation have a better effect on improving the symptoms of qi stagnation and blood stasis type of CSR, which deserves to be further explored in future clinical trials.

Common dosage forms have a number of drawbacks, including, but not exclusive, glitches in effectiveness, fluctuations in drug plasma concentration and poor patient's compliance. Such problems can be overcome by formulation of the drug as modified-release dosage forms. Usually, modified-release dosage forms are solid dosage form which are not proper for paediatrics and geriatrics. This research attempts to formulate and evaluate an extended-release carbamazepine oral suspension for paediatrics and geriatrics. Different ratios of Eudragit-L100 (Eud.) and PEG 4000 were used for encapsulation of carbamazepine powder. The selection of the best ratio was determined by dissolution test and FT-IR. The formulated ER suspensions were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, relative viscosity, density, sedimentation time, drug content and dissolution test. Additionally, drug release kinetics was studied to determine the possible mechanism of drug release. The best encapsulation ratio was (50:500:1000) PEG: Eud: Carbamazepine. Accordingly, formula 3 (F3) was selected. The evaluation tests showed an acceptable result. Mathematical analysis revealed that drug release kinetics following two kinetic models i.e. Hixson-Crowell and first-order model. The obtained results were encouraged to the possibility for manufacturing of first extended-release carbamazepine oral suspension. More in deep pre-clinical and clinical studies, in addition to production scale-up, are crucial.

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) injections combined with Anastrozole are increasingly used to treat adolescent idiopathic short stature (ISS), warranting further research. This study evaluated their effects on height, growth rate and adverse reactions in 72 adolescents with ISS treated at our hospital from December 2021 to December 2022. Patients were divided into a control group (rhGH alone) and a study group (rhGH + Anastrozole). Post-treatment, the study group showed significant improvements in height, weight and levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and binding protein-3 (P<0.05). Both groups experienced increased levels of calcium, magnesium, zinc, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, osteocalcin and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, with the study group showing greater increases (P<0.05). Adverse reactions were slightly higher in the control group but not statistically significant (P>0.05). The combined treatment significantly enhances linear growth, body mass and trace element levels, demonstrating high efficacy and safety. This innovative approach is highly recommended for broader clinical adoption, offering a transformative solution for managing adolescent idiopathic dwarfism.

This study evaluated the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Sedum nicaeense flowers and leaves. The MTT assay assessed cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer cells (Caco-2, HCT-116), breast cancer cells (T47D, MCF-7) and normal fibroblasts (MRC-5), while the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay measured antioxidant capacity. Essential oils from flowers and leaves were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methanolic and ethanolic flower extracts exhibited potent antiproliferative effects against HCT-116 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 8.62±9.21µg/mL and 17.41±9.54µg/mL, respectively. The methanolic leaf extract showed strong activity against T47D cells (IC₅₀: 27.33±6.43 µg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the flower's methanolic extract and the leaves' methanolic and ethanolic extracts was comparable to ascorbic acid. GC-MS analysis revealed isopropyl myristate (21.63%) as the main component in flower oil, while 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (18.09%) predominated in leaf oil. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of S. nicaeense, with significant antiproliferative and antioxidant effects. The study provides a foundation for further exploration of its extracts and essential oils as candidates for biomedical applications.

To explore the effect of lithium carbonate combined with olanzapine on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as gender differences in treating bipolar disorder (BD). 110 BD patients admitted to the Fifth People's Hospital of Luoyang from February 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively included in the study. Patients were categorized into two groups based on treatment: The single group (lithium carbonate, n = 50) and the coalition group (lithium carbonate + olanzapine, n=60). Post-treatment, the coalition group's YMRS score was 4.67±1.34 points and BRMS score was 24.93±2.30 points, both lower than the single group's YMRS score of 7.64±1.51 points and BRMS score of 34.38±2.30 points (P<0.05). The coalition group's effective rate was 96.67%, significantly higher than the single group's 82.00% (P<0.05). Post-treatment, the coalition group had lower levels of FBG, TC, TG and LDL-C than the single group, while HDL-C was higher (P<0.05). Additionally, glycolipids levels in both male and female subgroups increased post-treatment compared to pre-treatment. The efficacy of lithium carbonate sustained-release tablets combined with olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) is well-established. This combination therapy can effectively alleviate manic and psychiatric symptoms, enhance patients' social functioning and improve their quality of life. Furthermore, it has a minimal impact on glucose and lipid metabolism, with no observed gender differences.