Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

Cerebral hemorrhage (CH) is characterized by acute onset, rapid progression and poor prognosis, posing a great potential threat to the health of patients. Ginkgolides, an excellent natural perpend, have the functions of vasodilation, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and memory and cognitive enhancement and the rich trace elements help improve the nutritional status of the human body, which is an important guarantee for the prognosis and health of CH patients. In this study, we observed the therapeutic efficacy of Ginkgolides combined with all-in-one nursing care for CH, thus providing a new reference for the future treatment of CH. We divided 100 patients with CH into a study group receiving Ginkgolides combined with all-in-one nursing care and a control group receiving all-in-one nursing care and compared their neurological and cognitive function, inflammatory response and nutritional status. The results found that ginkgolides combined with all-in-one nursing care better enhanced the neurological and cognitive functions of CH patients and inhibited inflammatory responses. Besides, ginkgolides significantly promoted the increase of nutritional protein levels in CH patients, better ensuring their health. Therefore, we recommend to popularize the use of ginkgolides combined with all-in-one nursing care in the treatment of CH in the future.

Pituitary tumors are common intracranial neoplasms with complex pathogenesis. Temozolomide (TMZ) has shown potential in treatment, but its efficacy and related biomarkers require further investigation. This study explores the relationship between serum CEACAM1 levels, prognosis after neuroendoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection, and TMZ sensitivity. A retrospective analysis of 70 patients who underwent surgery from 2020 to 2022 was conducted. Patients were classified into high- and low-CEACAM1 groups. Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences (P>0.05). After six months, patients with poor prognosis had significantly higher preoperative CEACAM1 levels (P<0.05). TMZ-resistant patients also had elevated levels (P<0.05). The AUC of preoperative CEACAM1 for predicting prognosis was 0.716 (cutoff: 5857.5 pg/mL) and for TMZ resistance was 0.742 (cutoff: 6431 pg/mL). High preoperative CEACAM1 levels are associated with poor prognosis and TMZ resistance, serving as a potential biomarker to guide clinical evaluation and treatment.

Caltrate D is a commonly used drug in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), but the effect of single application is not ideal. Therefore, to investigate the eight section brocade therapy combined with caltrate D effect in preventing and treating PMOP. From January 2021 to June 2022, 110 postmenopausal women with decreased bone mass were selected and randomized into group A (n = 54) and group B (n = 56). The both group receiving caltrate D treatment and group B added receiving Chinese medicine eight section brocade therapy. Bone mineral density (BMD), WHOQOL-BREF score and incidence of PMOP were compared in both groups. The bone metabolism indexes [serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], bone formation indexes [serum Procollagen I N-Terminal Propeptide (PINP), type 1 collagen C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides (β-CTX)] were detected in both groups. After treatment, lumbar BMD, femoral neck BMD, serum calcium level and WHOQOL-BREF score in group B were significantly higher compared to group A, serum phosphorus and ALP levels, PMOP recurrence rate decreased significantly and no significant difference in serum PINP and β-CTX levels in both groups. This combination therapy is significantly effective and provides a new reference for the clinical treatment of PMOP.

Postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts the quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining Baofukang suppositories with Promestriene cream in treating this condition, with a particular focus on clinical outcomes and endometrial thickness. Sixty-eight patients underwent random allocation into either the control group (Baofukang suppositories) or the observational group (Baofukang suppositories and Promestriene cream). Endometrial thickness was measured using transvaginal ultrasound and clinical indicators, including symptom resolution time, vaginal cleanliness, and adverse reactions, were assessed. The observational group showed a higher effective rate (97.06% vs. 79.41%, P<0.05) and faster symptom relief (P<0.05), with significant improvements in vaginal cleanliness and symptom scores (P<0.05). No significant differences in endometrial thickness or adverse reactions were observed (P<0.05). Combining Baofukang suppositories with Promestriene cream offers an effective and safe therapeutic option for postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis, promoting superior symptom recovery without compromising endometrial safety.

Azadirachta indica, fruit with significant therapeutic potential, was evaluated using a multidimensional approach to systematically evaluate its pharmacological spectrum covering antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, muscle-relaxant and sleep-inducing effects using in vitro and in vivo models. The study found that fruit extract, when administered at different doses, showed significant antibacterial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria along with a highly significant antifungal effect against Aspergillus niger that might be due to identified azol compounds.‎ Azadirachta indica extract showed significant anti-inflammatory effects at doses of 200 and 400mg/Kg, reducing paw oedema volume and exhibiting analgesic and muscle relaxant activity. Unique findings included significant muscle relaxation and enhanced locomotor activity observed specifically at 400mg/Kg on the 7^th and 14^th days. Azadirachta indica showed significantly increased sleep duration and reduced sleep onset time in Na-thiopental-induced sleep tests at doses of 200 and 400mg/Kg. ‎Through GC-MS analysis, bioactive compounds, including 2,3-propanetriol, 7-methoxy-‎‎1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-2-one, piperazine and 4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-‎triazol-5-one, were identified, which likely contribute to the observed pharmacological ‎activities.‎ This study first reports Azadirachta indica's muscle-relaxant and sleep-enhancing effects, expanding its known therapeutic potential.

Myocardial infarction (MI), a leading cause of global mortality, often leads to heart failure and impaired quality of life. This randomized controlled trial evaluated Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), a traditional Chinese herb containing bioactive compounds like tanshinone IIA and salvianolic acid A, as an adjunct therapy for acute MI. SM is known for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant and microcirculatory benefits. In the study, 120 MI patients were divided into two groups: routine treatment (RT) and RT plus SM injection. After two weeks, the SM group demonstrated significantly increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reduced left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters (LVESD, LVEDD) compared to RT (P<0.001). Hemodynamic parameters-cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), and stroke volume (SV) also improved markedly in the SM group. Additionally, SM enhanced vascular endothelial function and lowered serum markers of myocardial injury. These findings suggest SM supplementation synergizes with conventional therapies to accelerate cardiac functional recovery and hemodynamic stabilization in MI patients. The study highlights SM's potential as a safe, effective adjuvant treatment for MI, warranting further clinical exploration.

Risk assessment for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is fundamental to prevention, enabling early intervention when risks are recognized. This cross-sectional study focuses on evaluating the knowledge, attitude, practices and perceived barriers of Saudi pharmacists regarding CVD risk factors. A self-administered survey was employed to collect the responses from the participants over a period of four months. Approximately 91% of the participants had completed their graduations and 49.4% of the participants had an experience of less than 5 years. Only 23.1% and 40.1% of the participants reported possessing functional sphygmomanometer and glucometer in their pharmacies, respectively, as a point of care tools. A high level of positive attitude was significantly (P=0.014) associating the level of education. The study identified several barriers influencing the CVD prevention services during pharmaceutical care. The top three barriers were lack of time (66.4%), lack of privacy (58.6%) and lack of tools (59.9%). Despite inadequate knowledge and barriers, a favourable attitude CVD prevention was observed. Thus, pharmacists' CVD risk assessment and preventive hurdles must be addressed. In addition to the Ministry of Health (MoH)'s recent public policy measures, healthcare workers should receive ongoing education and training on CVD prevention and treatment.

Hyperkalemia poses significant risks to patients due to its potential to cause life-threatening cardiac and neuromuscular complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment protocols for hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients. This prospective observational study, conducted at Sindh Government Hospital Korangi, Karachi, included adult patients (>18 years) with potassium levels ≥5.5 mEq/L. The study evaluated the effectiveness of different treatments in normalizing potassium levels, with treatment choices made at the discretion of the treating physicians. Among the 341 patients, treatment effectiveness varied by hyperkalemia severity. For mild hyperkalemia, D50W with insulin and sodium bicarbonate achieved normokalemia in 83.3% of cases, compared to 55% with Sodium-Polysorbate alone. In moderate hyperkalemia (189 patients), the combination of D50W, insulin, sodium bicarbonate, calcium gluconate and Sodium-Polysorbate reduced potassium levels from 6.52 to 6.01 mmol/L (p<0.001), with 27.2% achieving normokalemia. In severe hyperkalemia (104 patients), this regimen led to significant reductions (0.88-1.18 mmol/L, p<0.001), with 17.6% reaching normokalemia. Multi-drug approaches are advocated for effective hyperkalemia management, particularly for moderate to severe cases. Future research should focus on refining treatment protocols and improving adherence to guidelines to ensure consistent management outcomes.

This study aims to investigate the application of scenario simulation combined with the Mini-CEX teaching model on the instruction of paclitaxel and cisplatin use in gynecology and obstetrics residents. A retrospective analysis was conducted, selecting 32 gynecology and obstetrics residents who received traditional teaching from July 2019 to June 2021 as the control group and another 27 gynecology and obstetrics residents who received scenario simulation combined with Mini-CEX teaching from July 2021 to June 2023 as the observation group. In comparison to controls, participants from our observational cohort demonstrated superior performance across both theoretical examinations and case analyses (P<0.05). Furthermore, within our observational cohort we observed heightened proficiency across all seven dimensions assessed by Mini-CEX compared to controls (P<0.05). Additionally, the total score of teaching satisfaction in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Notably, the satisfaction score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The application of scenario simulation combined with Mini-CEX teaching mode has a positive impact on the instruction of paclitaxel and cisplatin use in gynecology and obstetrics residents. It improved clinical competence and satisfaction and is worth promoting.

Prevalence of gastric diseases caused by Helicobacter Pylori bacteria is very common especially in developing countries. H. pylori is not only responsible for initiating gastric complaints like gastritis and peptic ulcer but may also lead to gastric cancer. The aim of this research study is to explore natural flora that exhibit anti urease potential. For this purpose, fifteen edible and medicinal herbs (Silybium marianum, Fagonia arabica, Nigella sativa, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, Salvia rosmainus, Hyssopus officinalis, Antrirrhinum majus, Salvia splendens, Tropaeolum majus, Dalbergia sisso, Aloe barbadensis, Abelmoschus esculentus, Cuscuta reflexa, Hibiscus schizopetalus) were screened for anti-urease activity at three different concentration i.e, 25μg/ml, 50μg/ml and 75μg/ml. The results indicated significant outcomes for urease inhibitory activity for all tested medicinal plants. However, F. arabica (87.2±1.47), N. sativa (90.4±0.09), O. sanctum (75.6±0.95), H. officinalis (78.9±0.69), T. maju (87.3±0.14), A. esculentus (90.3±0.86), C. reflexa (94.1±0.92) showed significant results at 75μg/ml when compared to Thiourea. Moreover IC₅₀ values were also calculated for urease inhibitory activity. It can be concluded that utilization of these valuable medicinal plants can not only decrease the prevalence of gastric diseases caused by H. pylori bacteria but a good candidate for therapeutic purposes.