Molecular characterization and zoonotic risk assessment of Cryptosporidium spp. in Philippine bats.

IF 2.9 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Food and Waterborne Parasitology Pub Date : 2024-12-06 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI:10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00249

Lin Xu, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Fumi Murakoshi, Phillip Alviola, Joseph Masangkay, Frances Cagayat Recuenco, Ayman Shehata, Tsutomu Omatsu, Hironori Bando, Hikaru Fujii, Yumi Une, Kentaro Kato

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Abstract

Cryptosporidium is a genus of parasitic protozoa known to cause diarrheal disease that impacts both humans and animals through infection of various vertebrate species. Bats are recognized as reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens, including Cryptosporidium. The Philippines, renowned for its rich biodiversity, is home to diverse bat species, providing a unique ecological setting to investigate Cryptosporidium infection dynamics. Understanding the prevalence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in Philippine bats is crucial for assessing their potential role in zoonotic disease transmission and associated public health risks. We investigated the prevalence and genotypic diversity of Cryptosporidium in bats in the Philippines. From January 2019 to March 2024, a total of 569 bats were captured and analyzed, with 14 of the bat samples testing positive for the 18 s rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium, yielding an overall infection rate of 2.46 %. One sample exhibited co-infection, with 18 s rRNA sequence analysis indicating mixed infection with a species closely related to Cryptosporidium parvum (intestinal Cryptosporidium) and Cryptosporidium sp. (gastric Cryptosporidium). Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene revealed that intestinal and gastric Cryptosporidium spp. form two distinct clades. Intestinal Cryptosporidium includes C. parvum, C. hominis, and most bat genotypes, while gastric Cryptosporidium, such as C. andersoni and C. serpentis, is typically found in reptiles and cattle. An unidentified Cryptosporidium species was also detected in one sample, whose sequence matched that of Cryptosporidium previously isolated from a human patient with diarrhea. Nine other samples exhibited genotypes related to C. parvum, indicating a potential for transmission to humans. The remaining three samples exhibited Cryptosporidium bat genotypes II and VI, which have previously been detected in Philippine bats. Our findings underscore the role of bats in the Philippines as potential reservoirs for Cryptosporidium and highlight the diversity of Cryptosporidium species in Philippine bats.

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菲律宾蝙蝠隐孢子虫的分子特征及人畜共患风险评估。

隐孢子虫是一种寄生原生动物属，已知可引起腹泻疾病，通过感染多种脊椎动物影响人类和动物。蝙蝠被认为是包括隐孢子虫在内的人畜共患病病原体的宿主。菲律宾以其丰富的生物多样性而闻名，是多种蝙蝠的家园，为研究隐孢子虫感染动态提供了独特的生态环境。了解菲律宾蝙蝠隐孢子虫的流行和遗传多样性对于评估其在人畜共患疾病传播和相关公共卫生风险中的潜在作用至关重要。我们调查了菲律宾蝙蝠隐孢子虫的流行率和基因型多样性。2019年1月至2024年3月，共捕获并分析了569只蝙蝠，其中14只蝙蝠样本隐孢子虫18s rRNA基因检测呈阳性，总感染率为2.46%。其中1份样品出现共感染，经18 s rRNA序列分析，表明混合感染了一种与小肠隐孢子虫（小肠隐孢子虫）和胃隐孢子虫（胃隐孢子虫）密切相关的物种。对18S rRNA基因的系统发育分析表明，肠道隐孢子虫和胃隐孢子虫形成两个不同的分支。肠道隐孢子虫包括小隐孢子虫、人隐孢子虫和大多数蝙蝠基因型，而胃隐孢子虫，如安德氏隐孢子虫和蛇隐孢子虫，通常在爬行动物和牛身上发现。在一个样本中还检测到一种未确定的隐孢子虫，其序列与先前从人类腹泻患者中分离的隐孢子虫序列相匹配。其他9个样本显示出与小孢子虫相关的基因型，表明有可能传播给人类。其余3份样本显示隐孢子虫蝙蝠基因型II和VI，这两种基因型以前曾在菲律宾蝙蝠中检测到。我们的研究结果强调了菲律宾蝙蝠作为隐孢子虫潜在宿主的作用，并强调了菲律宾蝙蝠隐孢子虫物种的多样性。

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来源期刊

Food and Waterborne Parasitology Immunology and Microbiology-Parasitology

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

4.00%

发文量

审稿时长

13 weeks

期刊介绍： Food and Waterborne Parasitology publishes high quality papers containing original research findings, investigative reports, and scientific proceedings on parasites which are transmitted to humans via the consumption of food or water. The relevant parasites include protozoa, nematodes, cestodes and trematodes which are transmitted by food or water and capable of infecting humans. Pertinent food includes products of animal or plant origin which are domestic or wild, and consumed by humans. Animals and plants from both terrestrial and aquatic sources are included, as well as studies related to potable and other types of water which serve to harbor, perpetuate or disseminate food and waterborne parasites. Studies dealing with prevalence, transmission, epidemiology, risk assessment and mitigation, including control measures and test methodologies for parasites in food and water are of particular interest. Evidence of the emergence of such parasites and interactions among domestic animals, wildlife and humans are of interest. The impact of parasites on the health and welfare of humans is viewed as very important and within scope of the journal. Manuscripts with scientifically generated information on associations between food and waterborne parasitic diseases and lifestyle, culture and economies are also welcome. Studies involving animal experiments must meet the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals as issued by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences.