Factors associated with clinical alterations in patients diagnosed with HIV.

Abstract

Background: In recent years, the life expectancy of HIV patients has increased due to the introduction and development of antiretroviral therapies. However, although it has become a chronic pathology, the patients present a higher metabolic, hepatic, and renal risk and a greater aging than the general population.

Objective: To identify the main factors associated with clinical alterations in patients with HIV.

Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective, retrospective study in HIV patients attended by a pharmaceutical manager during 2023. A descriptive analysis was performed with measures of central tendency and summary, and a bivariate and multivariate analysis by means of logistic regression considering the presence of clinical alterations as the dependent variable.

Results: A total of 11126 HIV-positive patients were evaluated, mainly men (90 %), with a mean age of 40 years (SD 12.8) and a range between 19 and 95 years. A total of 48.5 % presented clinical alterations at risk levels that should be intervened in a timely manner to ensure the patient's adequate health status. Factors such as age, antiretroviral regimen, adherence, and drug persistence (p < 0.001) were found to be associated with the development of clinical alterations in patients with HIV.

Conclusions: Establishing a prioritization in the follow-up and management of HIV patients focused on patients older than 60 years, with treatment regimens that include protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, in antiretroviral therapy initiation, non-adherent and/or with drug persistence problems, could generate more effective interventions focused on reducing clinical risks.