Prevalence and Temporal Trends of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Fills During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding in Denmark.

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pediatric Drugs Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI:10.1007/s40272-024-00671-5

Malene Galle Madsen, Jin Liang Zhu, Trine Munk-Olsen, Theresa Wimberley, Henrik Larsson, Anna-Sophie Rommel, Xiaoqin Liu, Mette-Marie Zacher Kjeldsen, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Veerle Bergink, Kathrine Bang Madsen

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Abstract

Background and objectives: Females of reproductive age are increasingly using attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication, but its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of ADHD medication fills during pregnancy and breastfeeding, including characteristics of these females and cohort differences over time.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive study using Danish nationwide registers. Within cohorts of pregnant and breastfeeding females, we calculated the prevalence of ADHD medication (methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamfetamine, lisdexamfetamine, modafinil, atomoxetine, clonidine and guanfacine) fills and described sociodemographic and clinical characteristics across groups with fills, no fills and previous fills. Cohort differences in ADHD medication fills during pregnancy for 2005-2010, 2011-2016 and 2017-2022 were examined.

Results: In this cohort of 1,077,279 pregnancies, ADHD medication fills increased from 0.08 to 7.71 per 1000 individuals between 2005 and 2022. Among 446,485 breastfeeding females, fills increased from 0.55 to 3.67 per 1000 individuals from 2012 to 2022. Compared with the group with no fills, females filling ADHD medication during pregnancy and breastfeeding were younger, had lower levels of education, were more often smoking during pregnancy, utilised more psychiatric healthcare and had concurrent fills of other psychotropic medication. Cohort differences over time revealed that females filling ADHD medication during pregnancy in 2017-2022 were older, had higher levels of education, smoked less during pregnancy, had fewer psychiatric contacts and were less likely to fill other psychotropic medications compared with females in the earlier cohorts.

Conclusions: Results showed an increasing prevalence of ADHD medication fills during pregnancy and breastfeeding in Denmark over time, surpassing the increase observed generally in females of reproductive age filling ADHD medication. Results revealed a difference in characteristics of females filling ADHD medication during pregnancy over time, suggesting a shift in pregnancy treatment patterns.

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丹麦孕期和哺乳期注意缺陷多动障碍药物填充的患病率和时间趋势。

背景和目的：育龄女性越来越多地使用注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）药物，但其在怀孕和哺乳期间的使用情况在很大程度上是未知的。本研究的目的是检查怀孕和哺乳期间ADHD药物填充的患病率，包括这些女性的特征和随时间的队列差异。方法：我们使用丹麦全国登记册进行了一项描述性研究。在怀孕和哺乳期女性队列中，我们计算了ADHD药物（哌甲酯、安非他明、地塞米安、利地塞米安、莫达非尼、托莫西汀、克拉定和胍法辛）填充的患病率，并描述了填充组、未填充组和以前填充组的社会人口学和临床特征。研究了2005-2010年、2011-2016年和2017-2022年妊娠期间ADHD药物填充的队列差异。结果：在该队列的1,077,279例妊娠中，ADHD药物填充率在2005年至2022年间从0.08 / 1000增加到7.71 / 1000。在446485名母乳喂养的女性中，从2012年到2022年，每1000人的填充物从0.55增加到3.67。与没有服用ADHD药物的女性相比，在怀孕和哺乳期间服用ADHD药物的女性更年轻，受教育程度更低，在怀孕期间更经常吸烟，使用更多的精神保健，同时服用其他精神药物。随着时间的推移，队列差异显示，与早期队列中的女性相比，在2017-2022年怀孕期间服用ADHD药物的女性年龄更大，受教育程度更高，怀孕期间吸烟更少，精神病接触更少，服用其他精神药物的可能性更小。结论：结果显示，随着时间的推移，丹麦怀孕和哺乳期间ADHD药物填充的患病率越来越高，超过了育龄女性填充ADHD药物的普遍增长。结果显示，女性在怀孕期间服用ADHD药物的特征随着时间的推移而有所不同，这表明怀孕治疗模式发生了转变。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Pediatric Drugs PEDIATRICS-PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Pediatric Drugs promotes the optimization and advancement of all aspects of pharmacotherapy for healthcare professionals interested in pediatric drug therapy (including vaccines). The program of review and original research articles provides healthcare decision makers with clinically applicable knowledge on issues relevant to drug therapy in all areas of neonatology and the care of children and adolescents. The Journal includes: -overviews of contentious or emerging issues. -comprehensive narrative reviews of topics relating to the effective and safe management of drug therapy through all stages of pediatric development. -practical reviews covering optimum drug management of specific clinical situations. -systematic reviews that collate empirical evidence to answer a specific research question, using explicit, systematic methods as outlined by the PRISMA statement. -Adis Drug Reviews of the properties and place in therapy of both newer and established drugs in the pediatric population. -original research articles reporting the results of well-designed studies with a strong link to clinical practice, such as clinical pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies, clinical trials, meta-analyses, outcomes research, and pharmacoeconomic and pharmacoepidemiological studies. Additional digital features (including animated abstracts, video abstracts, slide decks, audio slides, instructional videos, infographics, podcasts and animations) can be published with articles; these are designed to increase the visibility, readership and educational value of the journal’s content. In addition, articles published in Pediatric Drugs may be accompanied by plain language summaries to assist readers who have some knowledge of, but not in-depth expertise in, the area to understand important medical advances.