Assessing candidate DLX-regulated genes in the first pharyngeal arch of chick embryos.

IF 2 3区 生物学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Developmental Dynamics Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI:10.1002/dvdy.765
Afshan Sohail, Olivia Nicoll, Andrew J Bendall
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Abstract

Background: Insights into the development and evolution of asymmetrical jaws will require an understanding of the gene regulatory networks that underpin the differential morphogenesis of the maxillary and mandibular domains of the first pharyngeal arch in a variety of gnathostomes. While a robust relationship has been demonstrated between jaw patterning and the Endothelin-Dlx gene axis, much less is known of the next level of genes in the jaw patterning hierarchy.

Results: Several genes, whose expression depends on Dlx5 and/or Dlx6, have been identified in mice. Here, we examined the expression patterns of the chick orthologues of some of those genes, namely GSC, PITX1, HAND2, and GBX2, and tested their dependence on endothelin signaling to assess whether there is a conserved regulatory relationship between those genes in the chick embryo. To further validate these genes as direct DLX targets, we identified conserved non-coding sequences containing candidate DLX binding motifs and demonstrated DLX-responsiveness in vitro.

Conclusions: The evidence presented in this study combines to support the hypothesis that these four genes are direct targets of DLX transcription factors in the lower jaw-forming tissue.

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鸡胚胎第一咽弓中候选dlx调控基因的评估。
背景:深入了解不对称颌骨的发育和进化,需要了解支撑各种颌口第一咽弓上颌和下颌区域差异形态发生的基因调控网络。虽然已经证明了下颌图案和内皮素- dlx基因轴之间的牢固关系,但对下颌图案层次结构中下一层次的基因知之甚少。结果:在小鼠中发现了几个依赖Dlx5和/或Dlx6表达的基因。本文研究了鸡胚中GSC、PITX1、HAND2和GBX2基因的同源基因表达模式,并测试了它们对内皮素信号的依赖性,以评估这些基因在鸡胚中是否存在保守调控关系。为了进一步验证这些基因是直接的DLX靶点,我们鉴定了含有候选DLX结合基序的保守非编码序列,并在体外证明了DLX的反应性。结论:本研究提供的证据综合支持这四个基因是下颌形成组织中DLX转录因子的直接靶点的假设。
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来源期刊
Developmental Dynamics
Developmental Dynamics 生物-发育生物学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
8.00%
发文量
116
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Developmental Dynamics, is an official publication of the American Association for Anatomy. This peer reviewed journal provides an international forum for publishing novel discoveries, using any model system, that advances our understanding of development, morphology, form and function, evolution, disease, stem cells, repair and regeneration.
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