Downscaling Amphibian Species Richness Maps to Explore the Role of Spatial Scale in Conservation

IF 2 4区社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI:10.1007/s12061-024-09634-2

Siqing Li, Amaël Borzée, Zhaoning Wu, Yicheng Ren, Jiechen Wang

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Abstract

Mapping species richness is a key goal of conservation research, but low data resolution and limited survey data make it challenging to accurately assess distribution patterns. In this study, the random forest (RF) and geographical random forest (GRF) models were used to construct a model of relationships between environmental factors and species richness, and high-resolution environmental data was used to downscale amphibian species distribution maps. The derived multi-scale species richness maps of 10 km, 5 km, and 1 km, revealed that the factors influencing the distribution of species richness and the locations of species richness hotspots vary with spatial scale. GRF outperformed GF in species richness map downscaling, with R² above 97% and RMSE between 0.98 and 1.29. GRF analysis shows that the spatial distribution of environmental factors affecting species distribution varies greatly, and precipitation dominates the distribution of most regions. This study suggests that machine learning algorithms can be used to downscale species richness maps. The multiscale species richness distribution map demonstrates the sensitivity of species richness patterns to spatial scales, which is crucial for macro-ecological analysis and identifying priority conservation areas. This information should be taken into account in future conservation planning.

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缩小两栖动物物种丰富度地图的尺度，探索空间尺度在保护中的作用

物种丰富度是物种保护研究的重要目标，但由于数据分辨率低，调查数据有限，难以准确评估物种分布格局。本研究采用随机森林（RF）和地理随机森林（GRF）模型构建环境因子与物种丰富度的关系模型，并利用高分辨率环境数据绘制两栖动物物种分布图。从10 km、5 km和1 km的多尺度物种丰富度图中可以看出，影响物种丰富度分布的因素和物种丰富度热点位置随空间尺度的变化而变化。GRF在物种丰富度图降尺度上优于GF， R2在97%以上，RMSE在0.98 ~ 1.29之间。GRF分析表明，影响物种分布的环境因子空间分布差异较大，大部分区域以降水为主。这项研究表明，机器学习算法可以用来缩小物种丰富度地图的规模。多尺度物种丰富度分布图显示了物种丰富度格局对空间尺度的敏感性，这对宏观生态分析和优先保护区域的确定具有重要意义。在未来的保育规划中应考虑到这些资料。

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来源期刊

Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy Multiple-

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Description The journal has an applied focus: it actively promotes the importance of geographical research in real world settings It is policy-relevant: it seeks both a readership and contributions from practitioners as well as academics The substantive foundation is spatial analysis: the use of quantitative techniques to identify patterns and processes within geographic environments The combination of these points, which are fully reflected in the naming of the journal, establishes a unique position in the marketplace. RationaleA geographical perspective has always been crucial to the understanding of the social and physical organisation of the world around us. The techniques of spatial analysis provide a powerful means for the assembly and interpretation of evidence, and thus to address critical questions about issues such as crime and deprivation, immigration and demographic restructuring, retailing activity and employment change, resource management and environmental improvement. Many of these issues are equally important to academic research as they are to policy makers and Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy aims to close the gap between these two perspectives by providing a forum for discussion of applied research in a range of different contexts Topical and interdisciplinaryIncreasingly government organisations, administrative agencies and private businesses are requiring research to support their ‘evidence-based’ strategies or policies. Geographical location is critical in much of this work which extends across a wide range of disciplines including demography, actuarial sciences, statistics, public sector planning, business planning, economics, epidemiology, sociology, social policy, health research, environmental management. FocusApplied Spatial Analysis and Policy will draw on applied research from diverse problem domains, such as transport, policing, education, health, environment and leisure, in different international contexts. The journal will therefore provide insights into the variations in phenomena that exist across space, it will provide evidence for comparative policy analysis between domains and between locations, and stimulate ideas about the translation of spatial analysis methods and techniques across varied policy contexts. It is essential to know how to measure, monitor and understand spatial distributions, many of which have implications for those with responsibility to plan and enhance the society and the environment in which we all exist. Readership and Editorial BoardAs a journal focused on applications of methods of spatial analysis, Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy will be of interest to scholars and students in a wide range of academic fields, to practitioners in government and administrative agencies and to consultants in private sector organisations. The Editorial Board reflects the international and multidisciplinary nature of the journal.