Gait patterns in unstable older patients related with vestibular hypofunction. Preliminary results in assessment with time-frequency analysis.

Abstract

Background: Gait instability and falls significantly impact life quality and morbi-mortality in elderly populations. Early diagnosis of gait disorders is one of the most effective approaches to minimize severe injuries.

Objective: To find a gait instability pattern in older adults through an image representation of data collected by a single sensor.

Methods: A sample of 13 older adults (71-85 years old) with instability by vestibular hypofunction is compared to a sample of 19 adults (21-75 years old) without instability and normal vestibular function. Image representations of the gait signals acquired on a specific walk path were generated using a continuous wavelet transform and analyzed as a texture using grey level co-occurrence matrix metrics as features. A support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was used to discriminate subjects.

Results: First results show a good classification performance. According to analysis of extracted features, most information relevant to instability is concentrated in the medio-lateral acceleration (X axis) and the frontal plane angular rotation (Z axis gyroscope). Performing a ten-fold cross-validation through the first ten seconds of the sample dataset, the algorithm achieves a 92,3 F1 score corresponding to 12 true-positives, 1 false positive and 1 false negative.

Discussion: This preliminary report suggests that the method has potential use in assessing gait disorders in controlled and non-controlled environments. It suggests that deep learning methods could be explored given the availability of a larger population and data samples.