Relationship of modifiable risk factors with the incidence of thyroid cancer: a worldwide study.

IF 1.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES BMC Research Notes Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI:10.1186/s13104-024-07058-2

Zahra Maleki, Jafar Hassanzadeh, Haleh Ghaem

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Abstract

Background: Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers of the endocrine system. The incidence of this cancer has increased in many countries. Many cases of thyroid cancer do not have any symptoms. This cancer has different risk factors. Some of them are unchangeable and some can be changed and modified. So, it is necessary to identify these risk factors. Therefore, this global study was conducted for the first time to investigate the correlation between the age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer (ASIR) and some modifiable risk factors worldwide.

Methods: The data of this global ecological research has been collected on the official website of health data ( https://www.healthdata.org/ ) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation. Finally, statistical modeling was done using Generalized Additive Model (GAM). Statistical analyzes were performed using R version 4.2.2 software.

Results: ASIR of thyroid cancer has a positive and significant correlation with tobacco, Secondhand smoke (SHS), mean BMI, and low physical activity. Multiple GAM showed that gender, alcohol consumption, smoking, SHS, mean BMI, and low physical activity have a statistically significant relationship with the ASIR of thyroid cancer (All Relative Risk > 1).

Conclusion: This study showed that the risk of thyroid cancer is higher in women than men. Smoking, alcohol, obesity, and low physical activity may be risk factors for ASIR of thyroid cancer. Also, this study, for the first time globally, hypothesized an association between exposure to secondhand smoke and ASIR of thyroid cancer. To prevent and accurately control thyroid cancer, there is a need to increase awareness about the modifiable risk factors of this cancer.

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可改变的危险因素与甲状腺癌发病率的关系：一项全球研究。

背景：甲状腺癌是内分泌系统最常见的肿瘤之一。这种癌症的发病率在许多国家都有所增加。许多甲状腺癌病例没有任何症状。这种癌症有不同的危险因素。有些是不可改变的，有些是可以改变和修改的。因此，有必要识别这些风险因素。因此，本研究首次在全球范围内开展甲状腺癌年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）与一些可改变危险因素的相关性研究。方法：本次全球生态研究的数据收集自卫生数据官方网站（https://www.healthdata.org/），收集了1990年至2019年204个国家和地区的数据。采用Pearson相关系数评价相关性。最后，利用广义可加性模型（GAM）进行统计建模。采用R 4.2.2版软件进行统计学分析。结果：甲状腺癌ASIR与烟草、二手烟（SHS）、平均BMI、低运动量呈正相关。多重GAM显示，性别、饮酒、吸烟、SHS、平均BMI和低体力活动与甲状腺癌的ASIR有统计学意义（All Relative Risk bbb1）。结论：本研究表明，女性患甲状腺癌的风险高于男性。吸烟、饮酒、肥胖和低体力活动可能是甲状腺癌ASIR的危险因素。此外，这项研究在全球范围内首次假设暴露于二手烟与甲状腺癌ASIR之间存在关联。为了预防和准确控制甲状腺癌，有必要提高对这种癌症可改变的危险因素的认识。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

BMC Research Notes Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

363

审稿时长

15 weeks

期刊介绍： BMC Research Notes publishes scientifically valid research outputs that cannot be considered as full research or methodology articles. We support the research community across all scientific and clinical disciplines by providing an open access forum for sharing data and useful information; this includes, but is not limited to, updates to previous work, additions to established methods, short publications, null results, research proposals and data management plans.