Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 6-15-year-old boys and girls before the COVID-19 pandemic: results from anthropological research 2001-2019 in the Czech Republic.

Abstract

Objective: Childhood overweight and obesity has been a major global problem for a long time, with a steadily increasing prevalence of obesity and a growing number of cases of serious health complications associated with childhood obesity. The main objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys and girls before the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic.

Methods: Body height, weight, BMI, and body composition (fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass, body fat, visceral fat area) were assessed in a cohort of 4,475 subjects (2,180 boys and 2,295 girls) aged 6-15 years. Somatic status was assessed by standardized anthropometry and body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance. The subjects were classified according to BMI in percentile bands (up to 3rd percentile, P3-10, P25-75, P75-90, P90-97, above 97th percentile). Statistical analysis was performed using the software TIBCO Statistica 14.0.015.

Results: During growth, statistical differences in the proportion of fat-free mass and fat fractions were found between boys and girls. In boys, there is an increase in muscle mass, in girls, there is an increase in the proportion of fat fraction. Sexual differentiation is pronounced during pubertal growth. By their BMI, 10.32% of the boys and 7.36% of the girls were categorized as overweight, and 8.12% of the boys and 7.71% of the girls were categorized as obese. Using bioelectrical impedance analysis and the percentage of fat fraction, 21.61% of the boys and 21.87% of the girls were categorized as obese; 5.96% of the boys and 8.19% of the girls were found to have visceral adipose tissue posing a health risk (more than 100 cm²). From 2002 to 2019, there was a significant increase of 3.72% in the overweight category for boys and 1.36% for girls, while the obesity category showed an increase of 3.62% for boys and 4.91% for girls.

Conclusion: The results confirm the increasing negative trend of overweight and obesity in the BMI and the relative body fat categories in children aged 6-15 years. Greater attention and monitoring of the effectiveness of preventive measures is needed to slow and stop the obesity epidemic which has health, social and economic impacts on the entire society.