Persisting challenges in the development of predictive biomarkers for immuno-oncology therapies for renal cell carcinoma.

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI:10.1080/14737140.2025.2457373

Renpei Kato, Wataru Obara

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Abstract

Introduction: Immuno-oncology (IO) therapies have become integral to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) management, RCC remains a complex malignancy with diverse clinical behaviors and a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, highlighting the need for predictive biomarkers to optimize therapy.

Areas covered: This review synthesizes recent findings from clinical trials, translational studies, and molecular analyses to provide an updated perspective on biomarker research for IO therapies in RCC. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published between January 2010 and November 2024.

Expert opinion: IO combination therapies have demonstrated significant improvements in progressionfree survival and overall survival compared with sunitinib. However, treatment outcomes vary according to the IMDC risk groups, metastatic sites, and histological subtypes, such as sarcomatoid differentiation. Advances in molecular biology have elucidated the roles of genetic alterations and immune phenotypes in modulating IO efficacy. Emerging biomarkers, including tertiary lymphoid structures, human endogenous retroviruses, and the gut microbiome, show promise but require further validation. Addressing challenges such as intratumoral heterogeneity and dynamic immune responses will be key to identifying actionable biomarkers. Continued integration of clinical and molecular insights is essential for improving patient selection and outcomes in RCC treated with IO therapies.

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肾细胞癌免疫肿瘤学治疗的预测性生物标志物开发面临的持续挑战。

免疫肿瘤学（IO）治疗已成为肾细胞癌（RCC）治疗不可或缺的一部分，RCC仍然是一种复杂的恶性肿瘤，具有不同的临床行为和异质性的肿瘤微环境，强调需要预测性生物标志物来优化治疗。本综述综合了临床试验、转化研究和分子分析的最新发现，为RCC IO治疗的生物标志物研究提供了一个最新的视角。使用PubMed、Embase和Web of Science对2010年1月至2024年11月间发表的文章进行文献检索。专家意见：与舒尼替尼相比，IO联合治疗在无进展生存期和总生存期方面有显著改善。然而，治疗结果因IMDC风险组、转移部位和组织学亚型（如肉瘤样分化）而异。分子生物学的进展已经阐明了基因改变和免疫表型在调节IO疗效中的作用。新兴的生物标志物，包括三级淋巴样结构、人类内源性逆转录病毒和肠道微生物组，显示出希望，但需要进一步验证。解决诸如肿瘤内异质性和动态免疫反应等挑战将是确定可操作的生物标志物的关键。临床和分子的持续整合对于改善RCC的患者选择和预后至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 医学-肿瘤学

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

3.00%

发文量

100

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy (ISSN 1473-7140) provides expert appraisal and commentary on the major trends in cancer care and highlights the performance of new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Coverage includes tumor management, novel medicines, anticancer agents and chemotherapy, biological therapy, cancer vaccines, therapeutic indications, biomarkers and diagnostics, and treatment guidelines. All articles are subject to rigorous peer-review, and the journal makes an essential contribution to decision-making in cancer care. Comprehensive coverage in each review is complemented by the unique Expert Review format and includes the following sections: Expert Opinion - a personal view of the data presented in the article, a discussion on the developments that are likely to be important in the future, and the avenues of research likely to become exciting as further studies yield more detailed results Article Highlights – an executive summary of the author’s most critical points.