Concurrent management of vitiligo and acquired disorders of hyperpigmentation: a comprehensive literature review and current practice gaps.

Abstract

Few studies discuss the co-management of vitiligo and acquired hyperpigmentation disorders (AHD) such as melasma, erythema dyschromicum perstans, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, drug-induced hyperpigmentation, and lichen planus pigmentosus. This review discusses clinical studies examining co-management strategies and identifies current practice gaps. Dermatology Life Quality Index scores are higher in individuals with vitiligo or melasma. It is plausible that populations experiencing both conditions may exhibit worsened psychological outcomes because of stigmas and perceived social beauty standards. Standard treatments for vitiligo aim to increase pigmentation, while AHD treatments target decreasing pigmentation, causing potential worsening of contrast between multiple skin tones for patients experiencing both disorders. Tretinoin may prevent narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB)-induced hyperpigmentation in patients with vitiligo without altering treatment response and is also beneficial for managing AHD. In addition, the use of oral tranexamic acid to treat melasma does not diminish the response to NBUVB phototherapy. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections and oral Polypodium leucotomos extract may also be beneficial for comanaging vitiligo and AHD. However, practice guidelines are needed to optimize care for this patient population.