International Journal of Dermatology最新文献

The concept of aging has evolved from being primarily attributed to genetic factors to recognizing the critical role of epigenetic mechanisms. Recent advancements, such as epigenetic clocks, have provided tools to assess biological age and offer insights into aging processes at the molecular level. In aesthetic dermatology, understanding these processes allows for more personalized, effective interventions targeting the root causes of skin aging. This review explores the interplay of epigenetic changes, aging, and the potential of personalized care to enhance longevity and skin rejuvenation. This review is based on an extensive literature search conducted across PubMed and other scientific databases. Studies focused on epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and their relationship to skin aging. Particular attention was given to recent advancements in biological clocks, including Horvath's Clock and GrimAge, and their implications for personalized dermatological treatments. Epigenetic clocks, such as Horvath's Clock, have demonstrated utility in assessing biological age through methylation markers, revealing actionable insights into aging processes. Energy-based devices like fractional lasers and radiofrequency have shown promise in reversing age-related epigenetic changes, promoting collagen synthesis, and reducing biological skin age. Additionally, lifestyle factors such as diet, sleep, and circadian rhythm alignment significantly influence epigenetic aging and skin health. Integrating epigenetic insights into aesthetic dermatology represents a paradigm shift in skin rejuvenation, allowing for personalized treatments that address visible signs of aging and underlying molecular mechanisms. Using biological clocks provides a framework for tailoring interventions to individual patient needs, optimizing outcomes, and extending the longevity of aesthetic results. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, accessibility, and ethical considerations to fully harness the potential of epigenetics in promoting skin health and overall well-being.

Albinism is a genodermatosis that predisposes affected persons to actinic dermatoses and skin cancers. This study aimed to review published studies on skin cancers in persons with albinism. This was an analysis of the literature published before January 1, 2022 on skin cancers in people with albinism worldwide. The articles included were searched in the following databases: PubMed, Lissa, Pascal, and Google Scholar. Over the search period, 74 articles on skin cancer in persons with albinism were included. Most of them (51.4%) were published in Africa. The average age of patients with skin cancers in these studies was around 40, and the female/male sex ratio was 1:1.3. Overall, 1143 skin cancers were reported in 850 patients. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most frequent skin cancer (648 cases; 56.7%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (BCC; 427 cases; 37.4%) with a BCC/SCC ratio of 1:1.5, and melanoma (39 cases; 3.4%). Of the 1143 cases of skin cancer, 998 (87.3%) were reported in Africa. The most common skin cancer in Africa was SCC, in contrast with Europe and America, where it was BCC. Melanoma was the least reported in Africa, with a frequency of 0.9%. African persons with albinism are more affected by skin cancers than people with albinism from other continents, mainly SCC, probably because of the high sunlight exposure. Preventive measures (popularization and respect of photoprotection measures, systematic and regular examination of the skin) and early and holistic management are essential to reduce the prevalence among this population in Africa.

Skin cancer is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, with nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) constituting most cases. Melanoma, although less common, is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Prostaglandins, particularly prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), play a central role in the pathogenesis of skin cancer by mediating inflammation, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and tumor progression through the cyclooxygenase (COX)-PGE2 pathway. PGE2 exerts its effects via E-prostanoid (EP) receptors (EP1-EP4), which activate distinct signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. In melanoma, the COX-2-E2 axis is implicated in tumor-mediated immunosuppression and tumor growth. Although COX-2 inhibitors like celecoxib have shown efficacy in reducing NMSC incidence, their long-term use is limited by adverse effects. EP receptor antagonists represent a promising therapeutic alternative, offering targeted inhibition of PGE2-driven tumorigenesis with potentially fewer side effects. Emerging therapies, including combination strategies with immune checkpoint inhibitors, highlight the potential of precision medicine approaches to optimize the treatment and prevention of skin cancers, including melanoma. Further research is essential to elucidate the mechanisms of PGE2 signaling and refine therapeutic interventions targeting the COX-PGE2-receptor axis.

Skin diseases vary significantly across racial and ethnic groups, influenced by genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. However, patients with skin of color (SOC) have historically been underrepresented in research, resulting in disparities in diagnosis, treatment, and access to care. In the April issue of the Journal, we dedicate attention to these key disparities. We focus on the differences in clinical symptoms and treatment challenges related to inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa in SOC patients.