Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell condition medium effect on rotavirus-infected Caco-2 cells survival and inflammatory responses.

Abstract

Rotavirus is the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide. This virus causes an increase in inflammatory responses by increasing cellular oxidative stress and the expression and activity of the transcription factor NF-κB and COX-2. As a result of NF-κB activation, the expression of inflammatory cytokines also increases. So, there is a need to control pathogenic inflammatory responses mediated by rotavirus. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have confirmed immunomodulatory characteristics. The present study aims to investigate the effects of MSCs conditioned media (MSCs-CM) in reducing the inflammatory response of Caco-2 cells when exposed to rotavirus. 72 h After rotavirus-infected Caco-2 cell of treatment with MSCs-CM, virus replication (CCID50), secretion of IL-6, and IL-8 (ELISA), COX-2 and NF-κB genes expression (q-PCR), apoptosis (Annexin V-PI), and nitric oxide (NO) level (Gries's reagent) are investigated. Based on the results, virus replication was reduced by Log1 in the CM-treated groups. Also, treating Caco-2 cells with MSCs-CM led to decreased IL-6 and NO and increased IL-8 production. Evaluation of apoptosis in MSCs-CM-treated rotavirus-exposed Caco-2 cells showed a significant reduction in their apoptosis. Also, the expression of COX-2 is increased significantly. However, the expression of NF-κB decreased significantly after treatment with MSCs-CM. The results show that inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rotavirus-infected cells have decreased after treatment with MSC-CM.