The benefit of extrinsic motivation on effortful cognitive control is influenced by need for cognition.

IF 2.2 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI:10.1007/s00426-024-02074-0
Qian Yang, Ruoke Xu, Lijie Zhang, Lei Qiao
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Abstract

Extrinsic motivation can foster effortful cognitive control. Moreover, the selective coupling of extrinsic motivation on low- versus high-control demands tasks would exert an additional impact. However, to what extent their influences are further modulated by the level of Need for Cognition (NFC) remains unclear. Thus, the current study sought to address this question. To this end, we conducted two behavioral experiments wherein cognitive control was triggered by the confound-minimized Stroop task and the NFC questionnaire was administered. Two different forms of extrinsic motivation were manipulated at the block level. In Experiment 1, extrinsic motivation was triggered by evaluative feedback. In Experiment 2, extrinsic motivation was triggered by reward incentives, while evaluative feedback was selectively coupled with low (congruent)- or high (incongruent)- control demands trials. The results indicated that two forms of extrinsic motivation (evaluative feedback vs. reward incentives) presented distinctive effects on effortful cognitive control; while their benefits on overall performance were further influenced by NFC. Interestingly, when incongruent rather than congruent trials were selectively coupled with reward incentives, not only conflict processing, but also overall performance for low-NFC participants only, benefited from this scenario. Taken together, the current study shows that extrinsic motivation can boost cognitive control, which gain was further reduced by high NFC.

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外在动机对努力性认知控制的益处受认知需要的影响。
外在动机可以促进努力的认知控制。此外,外在动机对低控制要求任务和高控制要求任务的选择性耦合会产生额外的影响。然而,它们的影响在多大程度上受到认知需要水平的进一步调节尚不清楚。因此,目前的研究试图解决这个问题。为此,我们进行了两个行为实验,其中认知控制由混淆最小化Stroop任务触发,NFC问卷管理。在块水平上操纵两种不同形式的外在动机。在实验1中,外在动机由评价反馈触发。在实验2中,外在动机由奖励激励触发,而评价反馈则选择性地与低(一致)或高(不一致)控制需求试验相结合。结果表明,两种外在动机(评价反馈和奖励激励)对努力认知控制有显著的影响;而它们对整体性能的好处进一步受到NFC的影响。有趣的是,当不一致而不是一致的试验选择性地与奖励激励相结合时,不仅冲突处理,而且低nfc参与者的整体表现也从这种情况中受益。综上所述,目前的研究表明,外在动机可以促进认知控制,而高NFC会进一步降低认知控制的增益。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
8.70%
发文量
137
期刊介绍: Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung publishes articles that contribute to a basic understanding of human perception, attention, memory, and action. The Journal is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge based on firm experimental ground, but not to particular approaches or schools of thought. Theoretical and historical papers are welcome to the extent that they serve this general purpose; papers of an applied nature are acceptable if they contribute to basic understanding or serve to bridge the often felt gap between basic and applied research in the field covered by the Journal.
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