{"title":"How does attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder affect driving behavior components? Baseline findings from Persian traffic cohort.","authors":"Sepideh Harzand-Jadidi, Mina Golestani, Leila Vahedi, Mahdi Rezaei, Mostafa Farahbakhsh, Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani","doi":"10.1016/j.cjtee.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk of road traffic injuries through various mechanisms including higher risky driving behaviors. Therefore, drivers with ADHD are shown to be more prone to road traffic injuries. This study was conducted in a community-based sample of drivers to determine how ADHD affects driving behavior components.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At the cross-sectional phase of a national population-based cohort, a representative sample of 1769 drivers were enrolled. Manchester driving behavior questionnaire and Conners' adult ADHD rating scales were used to assess driving behavior and ADHD symptom scores, respectively. Data were analyzed using Stata version 17. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association of driving behavior with ADHD while adjusting for the potential confounding role of age, sex, marital status, educational level, driving history, etc. RESULTS: According to the results, the normalized driving behavior score of drivers with ADHD was 4.64 points higher than drivers without ADHD. Having an academic compared to school education, increased the driving behavior score by 1.73 points. The normalized driving behavior score of drivers under 18 years of age was 6.27 points higher than drivers aged 31 - 45 years. The score of the aggressive violation subscale of drivers with ADHD was 7.33 points higher than drivers without ADHD compared to an increment of a range of 4.50-4.82 points for other driving subscales. The score of the ordinary violation subscale of female drivers was 2.23 points lower than that of male drivers. No significant relationship was found between sex and other subscales of driving.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Drivers with ADHD who are in adolescence or early adulthood exhibit more dangerous and aggressive driving behaviors than those who are older. Implementing training interventions to increase awareness of drivers with ADHD, their families, and psychologists regarding the effects of ADHD on driving is an essential step in preventing motor vehicle crashes among drivers with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":51555,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Traumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chinese Journal of Traumatology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjtee.2024.09.008","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ORTHOPEDICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Purpose: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk of road traffic injuries through various mechanisms including higher risky driving behaviors. Therefore, drivers with ADHD are shown to be more prone to road traffic injuries. This study was conducted in a community-based sample of drivers to determine how ADHD affects driving behavior components.
Methods: At the cross-sectional phase of a national population-based cohort, a representative sample of 1769 drivers were enrolled. Manchester driving behavior questionnaire and Conners' adult ADHD rating scales were used to assess driving behavior and ADHD symptom scores, respectively. Data were analyzed using Stata version 17. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association of driving behavior with ADHD while adjusting for the potential confounding role of age, sex, marital status, educational level, driving history, etc. RESULTS: According to the results, the normalized driving behavior score of drivers with ADHD was 4.64 points higher than drivers without ADHD. Having an academic compared to school education, increased the driving behavior score by 1.73 points. The normalized driving behavior score of drivers under 18 years of age was 6.27 points higher than drivers aged 31 - 45 years. The score of the aggressive violation subscale of drivers with ADHD was 7.33 points higher than drivers without ADHD compared to an increment of a range of 4.50-4.82 points for other driving subscales. The score of the ordinary violation subscale of female drivers was 2.23 points lower than that of male drivers. No significant relationship was found between sex and other subscales of driving.
Conclusion: Drivers with ADHD who are in adolescence or early adulthood exhibit more dangerous and aggressive driving behaviors than those who are older. Implementing training interventions to increase awareness of drivers with ADHD, their families, and psychologists regarding the effects of ADHD on driving is an essential step in preventing motor vehicle crashes among drivers with ADHD.
目的：注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）通过包括高风险驾驶行为在内的多种机制增加道路交通伤害的风险。因此，患有多动症的司机更容易发生道路交通伤害。本研究在以社区为基础的司机样本中进行，以确定ADHD如何影响驾驶行为的组成部分。方法：在以全国人口为基础的队列的横截面阶段，纳入了1769名司机的代表性样本。采用Manchester驾驶行为问卷和Conners成人ADHD评定量表分别评定驾驶行为和ADHD症状得分。使用Stata version 17分析数据。采用多元线性回归研究驾驶行为与ADHD的关系，并对年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度、驾驶史等因素的潜在混杂作用进行校正。结果：结果显示，ADHD驾驶员的标准化驾驶行为得分比非ADHD驾驶员高4.64分。与学校教育相比，拥有学历的人的驾驶行为得分提高了1.73分。18岁以下驾驶员驾驶行为标准化得分比31 - 45岁驾驶员高6.27分。ADHD司机的攻击性违规量表得分比非ADHD司机高7.33分，而其他驾驶量表的增量范围为4.50-4.82分。女性司机的普通违规子量表得分比男性司机低2.23分。性别与驾驶的其他分量表之间没有显著的关系。结论：青少年或成年早期的ADHD驾驶员比老年ADHD驾驶员表现出更危险和更具攻击性的驾驶行为。实施培训干预措施，提高ADHD司机、他们的家人和心理学家对ADHD对驾驶影响的认识，是预防ADHD司机发生车祸的重要一步。
期刊介绍：
Chinese Journal of Traumatology (CJT, ISSN 1008-1275) was launched in 1998 and is a peer-reviewed English journal authorized by Chinese Association of Trauma, Chinese Medical Association. It is multidisciplinary and designed to provide the most current and relevant information for both the clinical and basic research in the field of traumatic medicine. CJT primarily publishes expert forums, original papers, case reports and so on. Topics cover trauma system and management, surgical procedures, acute care, rehabilitation, post-traumatic complications, translational medicine, traffic medicine and other related areas. The journal especially emphasizes clinical application, technique, surgical video, guideline, recommendations for more effective surgical approaches.
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