Mid to long term follow up of early weightbearing after open reduction internal fixation of ankle fractures.

Abstract

Introduction: Studies have demonstrated successful outcomes with early weightbearing following open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of specific ankle fractures. The external validity of an early weightbearing protocol and its effects on patient-reported outcome information scores (PROMIS) has yet to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an early weightbearing protocol for all operatively treated ankle fractures and its impact on clinical outcomes and complications.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 229 patients (≥ 16 years) with OTA/AO 44 A-C fractures who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Patients were divided into groups based on early (2-3 weeks postoperative) or delayed (>6 weeks postoperative) weightbearing protocols. Primary outcomes included PROMIS score subsets including physical function, depression, and pain interference and ankle range of motion (ROM) at each follow up visit. Secondary outcomes included complications such as implant removal for pain, prominence, or surgical site infection, revision surgery for failure of fixation or loss of reduction, and post-operative sensory or motor deficits.

Results: There were 96 patients in the early weightbearing cohort and 133 patients in the delayed weightbearing cohort. The median follow-up time of the early weightbearing cohort was 471.47 ± 389.69 days while the delayed cohort was 459.82 ± 358.21 days. Demographics and comorbidities were distributed equally between both groups, except the presence of peripheral neuropathy which was observed more frequently in the delayed weightbearing cohort (8 versus 0, p = 0.022). Results indicated no statistically significant differences in PROMIS scores at final follow up, ankle ROM, or post-operative complications between the early and delayed weightbearing cohorts. Multivariable regression analysis identified smoking as a factor associated with worse ankle ROM at final follow-up.

Conclusions: This study found that early weightbearing after ORIF of unstable ankle fractures leads to similar PROMIS scores and ankle ROM without increased complications. In addition, smokers were found to have worse ankle ROM when compared to nonsmokers at final follow-up.