Measurement and Analysis of Optical Transmission Characteristics of the Human Skull.

Peiquan Chen, Liang Zhou, Zhaohui Liu, Shuang Liu
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Abstract

The brain, as a vital part of central nervous system, receives approximately 25% of body's blood supply, making accurate monitoring of cerebral blood flow essential. While fNIRS is widely used for measuring brain physiology, complex tissue structure affects light intensity, spot size, and detection accuracy. Many studies rely on simulations with limited experimental validation. In this study, we used real adult skulls and agar to create a mimic model, building a transmission optical system with 13 wavelength filters and varying agar thicknesses. Peak intensity of transmitted light and size of scattered spot were measured at different wavelengths, and transmittance, total attenuation coefficient, and spot diameter enlargement of cranial mimics at different wavelengths were obtained. Results showed wavelengths below 550 nm struggled to penetrate the skull, while those above 700 nm penetrated deeper and diffused more. This suggests that short wavelengths capture epidermal PPG signals, whereas longer wavelengths detect both epidermal and intracranial signals.

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人类头骨光传输特性的测量与分析。
大脑作为中枢神经系统的重要组成部分,接受了人体约25%的血液供应,因此准确监测脑血流量至关重要。虽然fNIRS广泛用于脑生理测量,但复杂的组织结构影响光强、光斑大小和检测精度。许多研究依赖于有限的实验验证的模拟。在这项研究中,我们使用真实的成人头骨和琼脂创建了一个模拟模型,建立了一个具有13个波长滤光片和不同琼脂厚度的透射光学系统。测量了不同波长下透射光的峰值强度和散射光斑的大小,得到了不同波长下颅骨模拟物的透射率、总衰减系数和光斑直径增大值。结果显示,低于550纳米的波长很难穿透颅骨,而高于700纳米的波长穿透得更深,扩散得更多。这表明短波捕获表皮的PPG信号,而长波同时检测表皮和颅内信号。
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