The development of a discrete choice experiment: Investigating pharmacy selection in New Zealand

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Health Policy Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI:10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105245

James Nind , Carlo A. Marra , Shane Scahill , Damien Mather , Alesha Smith

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Abstract

Introduction

Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) provide a method for understanding preferences for service provision and there have been limited applications to the selection of community pharmacies. The validity and accuracy of DCEs rely upon the attributes and levels used. This paper aims to describe the development of a DCE investigating New Zealanders preferences for community pharmacies.

Methods

Five focus groups were conducted between August 2022 and April 2023, each representing a different demographic group. The transcripts underwent thematic analysis to develop themes and to write attributes that were important and realistic to participants. A complete survey combined choice tasks, generated through a partial factorial design, with demographic questions. It was pilot-tested using a ‘think aloud’ approach to ensure it was feasible and interpreted as intended.

Results

Thirty three codes were collated and refined into six attributes; location, wait time, customer service, prescription co-payments, nearby businesses, and car parking. Participants were asked to imagine they were in a new area, hence, attributes were presented as information available online.

Discussion

This in-depth reporting of DCE attribute development allows for robust evaluation of the validity of the processes used and identifies several differences.

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一个离散选择实验的发展：调查新西兰的药房选择。

简介：离散选择实验（dce）提供了一种了解服务提供偏好的方法，并且在选择社区药房方面的应用有限。dce的有效性和准确性依赖于所使用的属性和级别。本文旨在描述DCE的发展，调查新西兰人对社区药房的偏好。方法：在2022年8月至2023年4月期间进行了五个焦点小组，每个小组代表一个不同的人口群体。对抄本进行专题分析，以形成主题，并写出对参与者重要和现实的属性。一个完整的调查结合了选择任务，通过部分析因设计产生，与人口统计问题。它采用了一种“大声思考”的方法进行试点测试，以确保它是可行的，并按照预期进行解释。结果：将33个编码整理提炼为6个属性；位置，等待时间，客户服务，处方共同支付，附近的企业，和停车场。参与者被要求想象他们在一个新的领域，因此，属性被呈现为在线可用的信息。讨论：这种对DCE属性开发的深入报告允许对所使用过程的有效性进行可靠的评估，并识别出一些差异。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Health Policy 医学-卫生保健

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

6.10%

发文量

157

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Health Policy is intended to be a vehicle for the exploration and discussion of health policy and health system issues and is aimed in particular at enhancing communication between health policy and system researchers, legislators, decision-makers and professionals concerned with developing, implementing, and analysing health policy, health systems and health care reforms, primarily in high-income countries outside the U.S.A.