Statoliths function in gravity perception in plants: yes, no, yes!

IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Planta Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI:10.1007/s00425-025-04631-2
John Z Kiss
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Abstract

Main conclusion: The starch-statolith theory was established science for a century when the existence of gravitropic, starchless mutants questioned its premise. However, detailed kinetic studies support a statolith-based mechanism for graviperception. Gravitropism is the directed growth of plants in response to gravity, and the starch-statolith hypothesis has had a consensus among scientists as the accepted model for gravity perception. However, in the late 1980s, with the isolation of a starchless mutant (lacking phosphoglucomutase, pgm) of Arabidopsis thaliana that was gravitropic, a statolith-based hypothesis for graviperception was questioned. Two groups studied the physiology and gravitropism kinetics of this pgm mutant, and these papers were published side-by-side in Planta. Based on the observation that the starchless mutant was responsive to gravity, Tim Caspar and colleagues (Caspar and Pickard, Planta 177:185-197, 1989) suggested that their results negated the starch-statolith hypothesis. In contrast, John Z. Kiss (Kiss et al., Planta 177:198-206, 1989) and colleagues turned the argument around 180 degrees and concluded that since a full complement of starch is required for full gravitropic sensitivity, in fact, their pgm studies provided strong support for a statolith-based model for gravity perception. Kiss and coworkers also provided evidence that the starchless plastids were relatively dense and proposed that these organelles function as statoliths in the pgm mutant plants. These two publications stimulated novel approaches (e.g., magnetophoresis, optical tweezers, spaceflight experiments, and laser ablation) to the study of gravity perception in plants. The controversy regarding the starch-statolith hypothesis remained for about a decade or so, but the current consensus supports a statolith-based model for graviperception in plants.

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主要结论一个世纪以来,淀粉-星体理论一直是既定的科学,但无淀粉重力突变体的存在对这一理论的前提提出了质疑。然而,详细的动力学研究支持基于淀粉粒的重力感知机制。重力生长是植物对重力做出的定向生长反应,淀粉-统计石假说作为公认的重力感知模型已在科学家中达成共识。然而,在 20 世纪 80 年代末,随着拟南芥无淀粉突变体(缺乏磷酸葡萄糖转氨酶,pgm)被分离出来并具有重力感知能力,基于淀粉-淀粉假说的重力感知假说受到了质疑。两个研究小组对这种 pgm 突变体的生理学和重力感受动力学进行了研究,这些论文同时发表在《植物》上。Tim Caspar 及其同事(Caspar and Pickard, Planta 177:185-197, 1989)根据无淀粉突变体对重力有反应这一观察结果,认为他们的研究结果否定了淀粉-淀粉假说。与此相反,John Z. Kiss(Kiss 等人,《植物学报》177:198-206,1989 年)及其同事将这一论点转了 180 度,并得出结论认为,由于完全的重力敏感性需要淀粉的充分补充,因此事实上,他们的 pgm 研究为基于统计石的重力感知模型提供了强有力的支持。Kiss 和同事还提供了无淀粉质体相对致密的证据,并提出这些细胞器在 pgm 突变体植物中起着静力学的作用。这两篇论文激发了研究植物重力感知的新方法(例如磁泳、光学镊子、太空飞行实验和激光烧蚀)。关于淀粉-静石假说的争论持续了十多年,但目前的共识是支持基于静石的植物重力感知模型。
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Planta
Planta 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
2.30%
发文量
217
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: Planta publishes timely and substantial articles on all aspects of plant biology. We welcome original research papers on any plant species. Areas of interest include biochemistry, bioenergy, biotechnology, cell biology, development, ecological and environmental physiology, growth, metabolism, morphogenesis, molecular biology, new methods, physiology, plant-microbe interactions, structural biology, and systems biology.
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