Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04529-5
Viktoria Fomitcheva, Claudia J. Strauch, Sabine Bonse, Petra Bauer, Thomas Kühne, Annette Niehl
Main conclusion
Seed-application of the natural products protects sugar beet and wheat plants against infection with plasmodiophorid-transmitted viruses and thus may represent an efficient, environmentally friendly, easy and cost effective biocontrol strategy.
Abstract
In times of intensive agriculture, resource shortening and climate change, alternative, more sustainable and eco-friendly plant protection strategies are required. Here, we tested the potential of the natural plant substances Glycyrrhiza glabra leaf extract (GE) and the rhamnolipid Rhapynal (Rha) applied to seeds to protect against infection of sugar beet and wheat with soil-borne plant viruses. The soil-borne Polymyxa betae- and Polymyxa graminis-transmitted viruses cause extensive crop losses in agriculture and efficient control strategies are missing. We show that GE and Rha both efficiently protect plants against infection with soil-borne viruses in sugar beet and wheat when applied to seeds. Moreover, the antiviral protection effect is independent of the cultivar used. No protection against Polymyxa sp. was observed after seed treatment with the bio-substances at our analysis time points. However, when we applied the bio-substances directly to soil a significant anti-Polymyxa graminis effect was obtained in roots of barley plants grown in the soil as well as in the treated soil. Despite germination can be affected by high concentrations of the substances, a range of antiviral protection conditions with no effect on germination were identified. Seed-treatment with the bio-substances did not negatively affect plant growth and development in virus-containing soil, but was rather beneficial for plant growth. We conclude that seed treatment with GE and Rha may represent an efficient, ecologically friendly, non-toxic, easy to apply and cost efficient biocontrol measure against soil-borne virus infection in plants.
主要结论种子施用天然产品可保护甜菜和小麦植物免受质体传播病毒的感染,因此可能是一种高效、环境友好、简便且成本效益高的生物防治策略。 摘要在集约化农业、资源短缺和气候变化的时代,需要替代性的、更具可持续性和生态友好型的植物保护策略。在此,我们测试了将天然植物物质甘草叶提取物(GE)和鼠李糖脂 Rhapynal(Rha)涂抹在种子上以防止甜菜和小麦感染土传植物病毒的潜力。土壤传播的贝氏多粘菌(Polymyxa betae)和禾本科多粘菌(Polymyxa graminis)病毒给农业造成了巨大的作物损失,但却缺乏有效的控制策略。我们的研究表明,在甜菜和小麦种子上施用 GE 和 Rha 可有效保护植物免受土传病毒感染。此外,抗病毒保护效果与使用的栽培品种无关。在我们的分析时间点,用生物物质处理种子后,没有观察到对多粘菌的保护作用。然而,当我们将生物制剂直接施用到土壤中时,在土壤中生长的大麦植株的根部以及在处理过的土壤中生长的大麦植株的根部都获得了显著的抗禾本科多粘菌效果。尽管高浓度的生物物质会影响发芽,但还是发现了一系列对发芽没有影响的抗病毒保护条件。用生物物质进行种子处理不会对含病毒土壤中的植物生长和发育产生负面影响,反而有利于植物生长。我们的结论是,用 GE 和 Rha 进行种子处理可能是一种高效、生态友好、无毒、易于应用且成本低廉的生物控制措施,可有效防止植物感染土传病毒。
{"title":"Bio-control of soil-borne virus infection by seed application of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract and the rhamnolipid Rhapynal","authors":"Viktoria Fomitcheva, Claudia J. Strauch, Sabine Bonse, Petra Bauer, Thomas Kühne, Annette Niehl","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04529-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04529-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Main conclusion</h3><p>Seed-application of the natural products protects sugar beet and wheat plants against infection with plasmodiophorid-transmitted viruses and thus may represent an efficient, environmentally friendly, easy and cost effective biocontrol strategy.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In times of intensive agriculture, resource shortening and climate change, alternative, more sustainable and eco-friendly plant protection strategies are required. Here, we tested the potential of the natural plant substances <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> leaf extract (GE) and the rhamnolipid Rhapynal (Rha) applied to seeds to protect against infection of sugar beet and wheat with soil-borne plant viruses. The soil-borne <i>Polymyxa betae-</i> and <i>Polymyxa graminis</i>-transmitted viruses cause extensive crop losses in agriculture and efficient control strategies are missing. We show that GE and Rha both efficiently protect plants against infection with soil-borne viruses in sugar beet and wheat when applied to seeds. Moreover, the antiviral protection effect is independent of the cultivar used. No protection against <i>Polymyxa sp.</i> was observed after seed treatment with the bio-substances at our analysis time points<i>.</i> However, when we applied the bio-substances directly to soil a significant anti-<i>Polymyxa graminis</i> effect was obtained in roots of barley plants grown in the soil as well as in the treated soil. Despite germination can be affected by high concentrations of the substances, a range of antiviral protection conditions with no effect on germination were identified. Seed-treatment with the bio-substances did not negatively affect plant growth and development in virus-containing soil, but was rather beneficial for plant growth. We conclude that seed treatment with GE and Rha may represent an efficient, ecologically friendly, non-toxic, easy to apply and cost efficient biocontrol measure against soil-borne virus infection in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04518-8
Zihan Zhang, Yan Zeng, Jiaqi Hou, Lijia Li
Main conclusion
This review focuses on HATs and HDACs that modify non-histone proteins, summarizes functional mechanisms of non-histone acetylation as well as the roles of HATs and HDACs in rice and Arabidopsis.
Abstract
The growth and development of plants, as well as their responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, are governed by intricate gene and protein regulatory networks, in which epigenetic modifying enzymes play a crucial role. Histone lysine acetylation levels, modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), are well-studied in the realm of transcriptional regulation. However, the advent of advanced proteomics has unveiled that non-histone proteins also undergo acetylation, with its underlying mechanisms now being clarified. Indeed, non-histone acetylation influences protein functionality through diverse pathways, such as modulating protein stability, adjusting enzymatic activity, steering subcellular localization, influencing interactions with other post-translational modifications, and managing protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions. This review delves into the recent insights into the functional mechanisms of non-histone acetylation in plants. We also provide a summary of the roles of HATs and HDACs in rice and Arabidopsis, and explore their potential involvement in the regulation of non-histone proteins.
{"title":"Advances in understanding the roles of plant HAT and HDAC in non-histone protein acetylation and deacetylation","authors":"Zihan Zhang, Yan Zeng, Jiaqi Hou, Lijia Li","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04518-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04518-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Main conclusion</h3><p>This review focuses on HATs and HDACs that modify non-histone proteins, summarizes functional mechanisms of non-histone acetylation as well as the roles of HATs and HDACs in rice and Arabidopsis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The growth and development of plants, as well as their responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, are governed by intricate gene and protein regulatory networks, in which epigenetic modifying enzymes play a crucial role. Histone lysine acetylation levels, modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), are well-studied in the realm of transcriptional regulation. However, the advent of advanced proteomics has unveiled that non-histone proteins also undergo acetylation, with its underlying mechanisms now being clarified. Indeed, non-histone acetylation influences protein functionality through diverse pathways, such as modulating protein stability, adjusting enzymatic activity, steering subcellular localization, influencing interactions with other post-translational modifications, and managing protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions. This review delves into the recent insights into the functional mechanisms of non-histone acetylation in plants. We also provide a summary of the roles of HATs and HDACs in rice and Arabidopsis, and explore their potential involvement in the regulation of non-histone proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04528-6
Delong Fan, Weichao Fu, Lixin Li, Shenkui Liu, Yuanyuan Bu
Main conclusion
Lysine plays an essential role in the growth differences between male and female S. linearistipularis plants under salt stress. Furthermore, SlDHDPS is identified as a vital gene contributing to the differences in saline-alkali tolerance between male and female plants of S. linearistipularis.
Abstract
Soil salinization is a significant problem that severely restricts agricultural production worldwide. High salinity and low nutrient concentrations consequently prevent the growth of most plant species. Salix linearistipularis is the only woody plant (shrub) naturally distributed in the saline-alkali lands of the Songnen Plain in Northeast China, and it is one of the few plants capable of thriving in soils with extremely high salt and alkaline pH (>9.0) levels. However, insufficient attention has been given to the interplay between salt and nitrogen in the growth and development of S. linearistipularis. Here, the male and female plants of S. linearistipularis were subjected to salt stress with nitrogen-starvation or nitrogen-supplement treatments, and it was found that nitrogen significantly affects the difference in salt tolerance between male and female plants, with nitrogen-starvation significantly enhancing the salt stress tolerance of female plants compared to male plants. Transcriptional analyses showed 66 differentially expressed nitrogen-responsive genes in female and male roots, with most of them showing sexual differences in expression patterns under salinity stress. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that six genes had an opposite salt-induced expression pattern in female and male roots. The expression of the 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase encoding gene (SlDHDPS) in female roots was higher than that in male roots. Further treatment with exogenous lysine could significantly alleviate the inhibitory effect of salt stress on the growth of female and male plants. These results indicate that the SlDHDPS in the nitrogen metabolism pathway is involved in the resistance of S. linearistipularis to salt stress, which lays a foundation for further exploring the mechanism of nitrogen on salt tolerance of S. linearistipularis, and has a significant reference value for saline-alkali land management and sustainable agricultural development.
{"title":"Differential salt stress resistance in male and female Salix linearistipularis plants: insights from transcriptome profiling and the identification of the 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase gene","authors":"Delong Fan, Weichao Fu, Lixin Li, Shenkui Liu, Yuanyuan Bu","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04528-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04528-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Main conclusion</h3><p>Lysine plays an essential role in the growth differences between male and female <i>S. linearistipularis</i> plants under salt stress. Furthermore, <i>SlDHDPS</i> is identified as a vital gene contributing to the differences in saline-alkali tolerance between male and female plants of <i>S. linearistipularis</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Soil salinization is a significant problem that severely restricts agricultural production worldwide. High salinity and low nutrient concentrations consequently prevent the growth of most plant species. <i>Salix linearistipularis</i> is the only woody plant (shrub) naturally distributed in the saline-alkali lands of the Songnen Plain in Northeast China, and it is one of the few plants capable of thriving in soils with extremely high salt and alkaline pH (>9.0) levels. However, insufficient attention has been given to the interplay between salt and nitrogen in the growth and development of <i>S. linearistipularis</i>. Here, the male and female plants of <i>S. linearistipularis</i> were subjected to salt stress with nitrogen-starvation or nitrogen-supplement treatments, and it was found that nitrogen significantly affects the difference in salt tolerance between male and female plants, with nitrogen-starvation significantly enhancing the salt stress tolerance of female plants compared to male plants. Transcriptional analyses showed 66 differentially expressed nitrogen-responsive genes in female and male roots, with most of them showing sexual differences in expression patterns under salinity stress. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that six genes had an opposite salt-induced expression pattern in female and male roots. The expression of the 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase encoding gene (<i>SlDHDPS</i>) in female roots was higher than that in male roots. Further treatment with exogenous lysine could significantly alleviate the inhibitory effect of salt stress on the growth of female and male plants. These results indicate that the <i>SlDHDPS</i> in the nitrogen metabolism pathway is involved in the resistance of <i>S. linearistipularis</i> to salt stress, which lays a foundation for further exploring the mechanism of nitrogen on salt tolerance of <i>S. linearistipularis</i>, and has a significant reference value for saline-alkali land management and sustainable agricultural development.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04523-x
Sunil Kumar Sunani, Prasanna S. Koti, N. C. Sunitha, Manoj Choudhary, B. Jeevan, C. Anilkumar, S. Raghu, Basana Gowda Gadratagi, Manas Kumar Bag, Licon Kumar Acharya, Dama Ram, Bishnu Maya Bashyal, Shyamaranjan Das Mohapatra
Main Conclusion
The Ustilaginoidea virens –rice pathosystem has been used as a model for flower-infecting fungal pathogens. The molecular biology of the interactions between U. virens and rice, with an emphasis on the attempt to get a deeper comprehension of the false smut fungus's genomes, proteome, host range, and pathogen biology, has been investigated. Meta-QTL analysis was performed to identify potential QTL hotspots for use in marker-assisted breeding.
Abstract
The Rice False Smut (RFS) caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens currently threatens rice cultivators across the globe. RFS infects rice panicles, causing a significant reduction in grain yield. U. virens can also parasitize other hosts though they play only a minor role in its life cycle. Furthermore, because it produces mycotoxins in edible rice grains, it puts both humans and animals at risk of health problems. Although fungicides are used to control the disease, some fungicides have enabled the pathogen to develop resistance, making its management challenging. Several QTLs have been reported but stable gene(s) that confer RFS resistance have not been discovered yet. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the pathogen, its virulence mechanisms, the genome and proteome of U. virens, and its molecular interactions with rice. In addition, information has been compiled on reported resistance QTLs, facilitating the development of a consensus genetic map using meta-QTL analysis for identifying potential QTL hotspots. Finally, this review highlights current developments and trends in U. virens–rice pathosystem research while identifying opportunities for future investigations.
{"title":"Ustilaginoidea virens, an emerging pathogen of rice: the dynamic interplay between the pathogen virulence strategies and host defense","authors":"Sunil Kumar Sunani, Prasanna S. Koti, N. C. Sunitha, Manoj Choudhary, B. Jeevan, C. Anilkumar, S. Raghu, Basana Gowda Gadratagi, Manas Kumar Bag, Licon Kumar Acharya, Dama Ram, Bishnu Maya Bashyal, Shyamaranjan Das Mohapatra","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04523-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04523-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Main Conclusion</h3><p>The <i>Ustilaginoidea virens</i> –rice pathosystem has been used as a model for flower-infecting fungal pathogens. The molecular biology of the interactions between <i>U. virens</i> and rice, with an emphasis on the attempt to get a deeper comprehension of the false smut fungus's genomes, proteome, host range, and pathogen biology, has been investigated. Meta-QTL analysis was performed to identify potential QTL hotspots for use in marker-assisted breeding.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The Rice False Smut (RFS) caused by the fungus <i>Ustilaginoidea virens</i> currently threatens rice cultivators across the globe. RFS infects rice panicles, causing a significant reduction in grain yield. <i>U. virens</i> can also parasitize other hosts though they play only a minor role in its life cycle. Furthermore, because it produces mycotoxins in edible rice grains, it puts both humans and animals at risk of health problems. Although fungicides are used to control the disease, some fungicides have enabled the pathogen to develop resistance, making its management challenging. Several QTLs have been reported but stable gene(s) that confer RFS resistance have not been discovered yet. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the pathogen, its virulence mechanisms, the genome and proteome of <i>U. virens</i>, and its molecular interactions with rice. In addition, information has been compiled on reported resistance QTLs, facilitating the development of a consensus genetic map using meta-QTL analysis for identifying potential QTL hotspots. Finally, this review highlights current developments and trends in <i>U. virens</i>–rice pathosystem research while identifying opportunities for future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}