Sleep Duration and Quality in Adolescents: Associations With Suicidal Ideation

Abstract

Introduction

Inadequate sleep duration and sleep-related problems are highly prevalent among adolescents and pose a significant health risk during a critical development stage. This study seeks to explore associations between sleep and suicidal ideation among adolescents.

Methods

Cross-sectional questionnaire data from the baseline wave (2016-2018) of a cohort of 12- to 16-year-old Swedish adolescents (n = 4433, 50.39% girls) were analyzed. A split-sample approach was used for exploratory analyses and model selection. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between suicidal ideation and self-reported sleep parameters (weekday sleep duration, sleep quality), both adjusted and unadjusted for depression.

Results

Adolescents with suicidal ideation slept on average 60 min less on weekdays and reported worse sleep quality compared to those without suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was significantly associated with weekday sleep duration (p = 0.0267) and self-perceived sleep quality (p = 0.0003). Associations remained after controlling for depression.

Conclusions

Sleep problems in adolescents are associated with suicidal ideation, beyond the effect of depression. Findings may have implications for screening and suicide prevention among clinical populations of adolescents, as well as for public health interventions aimed at promoting sleep and mental health in adolescents.