Journal of Adolescence最新文献

Introduction: While social networks have become an integral part of people's lives, they also bring the potential for negative consequences, with problematic social network use emerging as a noteworthy concern, especially among adolescents. Guided by social control theory, this study examined bidirectional relationships between problematic social network use and its influencing factors: school connectedness and social anxiety.

Methods: Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were employed to examine the bidirectional relationships among school connectedness, social anxiety, and problematic social network use. Data were collected using the School Connectedness Scale, the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and the Evaluation Tool for Problematic Mobile Social Network Usage. Measurements were taken at three different times, each 6 months apart, over the course of 1 year (Time 1-3; T1 in November 2020). A total of 1684 Chinese adolescents (45.23% boys, M_age = 14.66, SD = 1.30) from a secondary school in Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province, China, participated in the study.

Results: The results indicated school connectedness and problematic social network use negatively predicted each other over time. In contrast, a positive bidirectional relationship was found between social anxiety and problematic social network use.

Conclusions: The findings have important implications for the development of targeted intervention strategies aimed at promoting healthy online habits and preventing the escalation of problematic social network use among adolescents. By highlighting the dynamic interplay between school connectedness, social anxiety, and social network use, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of these issues and lays the groundwork for future research and interventions aimed at supporting adolescents in navigating the digital landscape.

Introduction: Young people with chronic health conditions are among the most at risk of having poor social connections, however, little is known about their experiences of loneliness and social isolation. We aimed to describe the perspectives and experiences of loneliness and social isolation among young people with chronic physical conditions.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and CENTRAL from inception to May 2023 for qualitative studies that described the perspectives of loneliness and social isolation in young people aged 10-24 years with chronic physical conditions. Findings from the included studies were analyzed using thematic synthesis.

Results: We included 35 studies across 12 countries involving 723 participants (56% female). Most studies (63%) were conducted in young people with cancer. Four major themes were identified: suffering from repercussions of disease (struggling with body image and physical changes, intensified disconnection while hospitalized); hindering relationships with peers and friends (missing out on formative experiences, feeling stuck behind, restrictive parental attitudes); grappling with social exclusion (facing concerns alone, bullying and ostracism); seeking social support and self-help (reliance on family, kindness and empathy from friends, developing rapport with healthcare professionals, discovering self in adversity).

Conclusions: Symptoms, treatments, and hospitalizations limited young people's social participation and ability to maintain friendships, and this was compounded by social exclusion and bullying. Supportive friends, family, and healthcare professionals helped mitigate feelings of isolation. Interventions and strategies are needed to improve social support and foster meaningful connections. This can be achieved through education and awareness initiatives that promote inclusion in schools and the community, as well as efforts to enhance social support and continuity of care in hospitals.

Background: Popularity in adolescence has been the subject of considerable empirical inquiry over the last two decades. As research on this dimension of social experience evolved, fundamental shifts occurred in the modalities through which adolescents communicate. Social networking platforms, instant messaging applications, and other forms of social media emerged as organizing features of adolescent peer groups.

Objective: In the current paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis examining evidence that social media activity is associated with both popularity and goals for becoming popular.

Methods: Syntheses were conducted based on 34 effect sizes from 12 studies (N = 7776; 4037 girls and 3739 boys) using three-level Meta-analytic techniques.

Results: Average effect sizes across studies were of small to medium magnitude and were not influenced by Meta-analytic moderators. Although the findings provide support for expected positive associations between social media activity and popularity, unresolved questions remain.

Introduction: The present study examined the between- and within-person associations among negative weight-related experiences, weight bias internalization, and body shame, embarrassment, and pride in adolescents.

Methods: Participants were 93 Canadian students (M_age = 15.54, 59.10% girls, 40.86% white) who completed a 5-day daily diary study in 2021. Multilevel models were estimated to examine the between- and within-person associations, as well as the cross-level interactions.

Results: Fifty-nine negative weight-related experiences were reported from 22 participants (23.66%) over the 5-day study period. Adolescents with higher average negative weight-related experiences (OR = 19.60, 95% CI = 1.90-202.67) and weight bias internalization (OR = 3.66, CI = 2.07-6.46) had greater odds of reporting shame. Similarly, higher average negative weight-related experiences (OR = 16.29, CI = 3.65-72.75) and weight bias internalization (OR = 2.08, CI = 1.53-2.82) was associated with greater odds of embarrassment. No within-person effects were noted, such that reporting more negative weight-related experiences or weight bias internalization than one's own average was not related to body emotions.

Conclusions: This distinction underscores that the persistent, rather than episodic, aspects of negative weight-related experiences and weight bias internalization are most impactful on adolescents' body image. These findings have implications for recruitment and screening for individual-level interventions for internalized weight bias and body image, and highlight the need for system-level policies and changes that prohibit negative weight-related experiences and messages to reduce likelihood of internalizing weight bias among adolescents.

Introduction: Current literature recognizes that various socialization agents often shape political behavior. This study employs frameworks of political socialization and political agency to explore how extracurricular activities and political intentions established at age 16 influence aspects of political participation and civic engagement at age 20.

Methods: A 4-year longitudinal study was conducted using a community-based sample of 933 adolescents from a medium-sized Swedish city with a population of approximately 135,000. Data were collected in 2010 and 2014, allowing for an analysis of the impact of extracurricular activities and political intentions developed during adolescence on later political and civic behaviors. The analytical sample comprised 933 individuals (50.8% females; mean age = 16.62, SD = 0.71).

Results: The analysis revealed that participation in extracurricular activities at age 16 is a significant predictor of offline political participation at age 20. However, no significant associations were found between these activities and other forms of participation, such as illegal behaviors or broader civic engagement. Political intentions at age 16 also significantly predicted offline political participation at age 20.

Conclusions: The findings highlight the pivotal roles of both socialization agents and individual factors related to youth political agency in shaping political trajectories during adolescence. Understanding the effects of extracurricular activities and political intentions on political participation and civic engagement can aid policymakers and educators in developing strategies to foster active citizenship among young people.

Introduction: Knowing who we are and what we are living for helps us to better adjust in everyday life and confront negative life events, especially for adolescents who are going through critical developmental periods when changes in life could bring both psychopathology risk yet opportunity to achieve a better self. The current study focused on mental time travel, the mental visit to the past or future, and examined the impact on adolescents' perceived meaning in life, with the potential mediating factor of self-continuity.

Methods: A total of 1543 high school students aged 12 to 18 years old (M_age = 15.02, SD_age = 1.58, 52% girls) from Jiangsu Province, China were recruited in a two-wave longitudinal survey that separated by an interval of 6 months. Participants reported their proneness to engage in nostalgia or future prospection at T1 and sense of self-continuity at T2, while the perceived meaning in life were reported at both time points. The latent structural equation models were established with items as indicators for all study variables.

Results: Mental time travel, including both nostalgia and future prospection, facilitated adolescent meaning in life via increased self-continuity, except that future prospection showed only positive indirect effect, while nostalgia demonstrated direct yet negative impact on meaning in life after accounting for the positive mediation effect.

Conclusions: Findings highlighted the distinct effects of the past- and future-oriented mental time travel on adolescent meaning in life, and provided insights for promoting adolescent psychological adjustment.

Background: Mental ill-health and substance use bear significant public health burden on young people. Prevention is key. Trauma-informed approaches to prevention of mental ill-health and substance use demonstrate significant promise, yet it is unclear how well existing approaches work for young people targeting mental ill-health and substance use. This review aimed to assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of trauma-informed mental ill-health and/or substance use prevention programs for young people.

Methods: We searched the PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library reference databases for peer-reviewed studies of trauma-informed mental ill-health and/or substance use prevention programs for young people published between 2013 and 2022. Studies in any language were included and reference lists of included articles were scanned for additional studies of relevance.

Results: In total, 30 studies were included in this review, comprising five randomized controlled trials (RCTs), seven non-RCTs, 10 quasi-experimental designs, and eight qualitative studies. Among the 30 studies, 27 unique trauma-informed prevention interventions were detailed. Eighteen studies reported statistically significant decreases in mental ill-health, and two studies reported significant decreases in substance use outcomes among participants, up to 6 months following the interventions. Most preventative interventions with statistically significant effects were selective (rather than universal or indicated) in their approach (n = 10, 55%). Broad acceptability and feasibility of trauma-informed prevention programs was observed among studies reporting this information though most quantitative studies were at high risk of bias and/or did not include a control group, whilst qualitative studies tended to report research conducted without a priori research aims.

Discussion: This review synthesizes for the first-time evidence on the effectiveness (or efficacy), feasibility, and acceptability of trauma-informed mental ill-health and/or substance use programs for young people, especially for those exposed to traumatic or adverse experiences. While there are promising efficacy outcomes, further research conducting rigorous, well-powered RCTs is required for large-scale evaluation and scaling of the potential preventative benefits of such programs.

Introduction: This study investigated the longitudinal effects between adolescent emotional self-regulation and prosocial behavior toward powerful people (i.e., actions aimed at benefiting or supporting individuals who hold significant influence or authority within a group or society), based on the perspective of positive socialization cycle.

Methods: We recruited 543 Chinese adolescents (284 girls, M _{age at Time 1} = 11.27 years) and collected three waves of data over 3 years, each approximately 1 year apart (n _{Time 2} = 449, n _{Time 3} = 417). Traditional cross-lagged panel model was conducted to test the longitudinal relationship between emotional self-regulation and prosocial behavior toward powerful people. Then, a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was performed to disentangle the between-person differences from the within-person predictive processes.

Results: The results showed that, emotional self-regulation in the previous year was positively associated with prosocial behavior toward powerful people in the next year, whereas earlier prosocial behavior toward powerful people was not predictive of subsequent emotional self-regulation.

Conclusions: Findings advocate the domain-specific nature of self-regulation and prosocial behavior and deepen our understanding of the relationship between the two from the culture-specific perspective. This study also highlights the value of emotional self-regulation intervention as a viable way to promote adolescent prosocial development. Theoretical and empirical implications are discussed.

Introduction: This study provides an ethnographic lens to understand gender messages in girls' puberty books, focusing on the representation of parents in both text and images.

Methods: A content and thematic analysis was performed on 22 children's books on girls' pubertal development drawn from Amazon bestselling books on Children's Health & Maturing.

Results: Content analysis results demonstrated an imbalance in the representation of parents in books about girls' pubertal development. Mothers appeared and were mentioned in the text significantly more than fathers. Mothers relative to fathers also were depicted significantly more in illustrations with positive expressions (e.g., smiling) while talking or interacting with their daughters. Fathers were under-represented and portrayed as relatively stoic actors with no clear role in preparing their daughters for puberty. Thematic analysis of the books reinforced and challenged gender norms and expectations. While mothers were observed as the primary source of support during this transition, some books emphasized fathers' valuable role in advocating for their daughters' well-being and fostering open communication.

Conclusions: Implications for girls' gender role development are discussed.

Introduction: The current study examines Bay-Cheng and Ginn's (2024) claim that marginalized youth confront two intertwined sexual risk dilemmas: being put at risk by unjust social forces and structures that threaten their sexual health and safety; and being kept from risk by those same forces and structures, thus compromising their development and dignity.

Methods: We explored the presence and relevance of these dilemmas using interviews conducted in 2022 with 101 racialized and/or queer (i.e., a sexuality other than exclusively heterosexual) young women and trans or nonbinary youth aged 16-21 and living in Melbourne (Australia), New York City (United States), and Toronto (Canada). We conducted a directed content analysis of the data and examined intersectional group-based comparisons of code frequencies.

Results: We found that 80% of participants felt endangered (i.e., put at risk) and/or obstructed (i.e., kept from risk) by social and material conditions. Over half felt put at risk through exposure to hostility and harm, and over one-third of participants described precarious life circumstances as keeping them from taking wanted sexual risks. Group-based and intersectional comparisons indicated that feeling put at risk is associated with marginalized gender and sexuality identities and corresponding discrimination. We also found tentative signs that feeling kept from risk may be more closely linked to race and racism than marginalization by gender and/or sexuality.

Conclusions: The findings highlight the diverse implications of interlocked social injustices for youths' sexual lives, particularly the infringement on their rights both to safety and to risk.